A realist evaluation of a support and training program for family caregivers in the municipality of Envigado: A research protocol.

AIMS: In Envigado, Colombia, the Secretariat of Health has implemented, since 2011, an interprofessional program involving nurses to support and train relatives to improve the quality of life of people with a loss of autonomy and their family caregivers. The objectives of this study are to assess the outcomes of this program and to explore the contextual elements and mechanisms that can explain these outcomes. DESIGN: This article presents the research protocol for a realist evaluation that will be carried out to gather the perspectives of various local stakeholders involved. METHODS: Four outcomes on family caregivers will be measured quantitatively using self-administered questionnaires and numerical scales. Contextual elements and mechanisms will then be explored qualitatively through focus groups and individual interviews. An iterative analysis will enable the refinement of a program theory. RESULTS: The results will inform a program theory that underlies the outcomes of the family caregiver support and training program. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Community stakeholders, family caregivers, people with a loss of autonomy and their relatives will be involved in data collection and/or in the validation of the program theory.

Cuidado de la temperatura en personas sometidas a procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos en una institución de salud / Temperature care in persons undergo-ing elective surgical procedures in a health institution

Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia a las actividades para el control de la termorregulación en procedimientos quirúrgicos por parte de técnicos y profesionales de cirugía para el año 2021 en una institución de salud de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Metodología: Investigación descriptiva transversal. Se revisaron registros clínicos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva mayor a una hora, también se realizó encuesta autoaplicada a personal que labora en el área quirúrgica, indagando por variables demográficas, del servicio y de adherencia al protocolo de termorregulación. Resultados: Se evidencia baja adherencia a la toma de temperatura. En el servicio de recuperación hay mejor adherencia por medio del calentamiento activo. Conclusión: La temperatura es un signo vital al que no se le da la importancia suficiente, constituyéndose así como una constante vital olvidada.(AU)

Objective: To analyze adherence to activities for the control of thermoregulation in surgical procedures by surgical technicians and professionals for the year 2021, in a tertiary health institution in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive research. Clinical records of patients undergoing elective surgery greater than one hour were reviewed, a self-applied survey was also carried out on personnel working in the surgical area, inquiring for demographic variables, service and adherence to the thermoregulation protocol. Results: Low adherence to temperature measurement is evident. In the recovery service there are better adherence through active heating. Conclusions: Temperature is a vital sign that is not given enough importance, thus becoming a forgotten vital sign.Objective: To analyze adherence to activities for the control of thermoregulation in surgical procedures by surgical technicians and professionals for the year 2021, in a tertiary health institution in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive research. Clinical records of patients undergoing elective surgery greater than one hour were reviewed, a self-applied survey was also carried out on personnel working in the surgical area, inquiring for demographic variables, service and adherence to the thermoregulation protocol. Results: Low adherence to temperature measurement is evident. In the recovery service there are better adherence through active heating. Conclusions: Temperature is a vital sign that is not given enough importance, thus becoming a forgotten vital sign.(AU)

Cohesión familiar y factores relacionados en adolescentes escolarizados / Family cohesion and related factors in school adolescents

Resumen Introducción: El nivel de cohesión de un núcleo familiar permite caracterizar los vínculos y relaciones que existen entre sus miembros y constituye un insumo fundamental para el desarrollo de políticas y programas de intervención en la familia. Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados a la cohesión familiar en adolescentes del Municipio de Envigado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, de fuente de información primaria, con una muestra de 1008 estudiantes de dos colegios de Envigado. Se utilizó la escala de cohesión familiar, de Depresión de Zung, de Habilidades Sociales de Gismero, y preguntas sociodemográficas y de consumo de sustancias. Resultados: El 61,5% de los adolescentes se encontraban sin riesgo de alcoholismo, el 73,8% sin dependencia a drogas, un 16,5% tenían riesgo de depresión y un 81,7% presentaban buenas habilidades sociales. La prevalencia de cohesión familiar fue 96,6%. La satisfacción con la familia y la ausencia de depresión, se asociaron a buena cohesión familiar. Conclusiones: La presencia de depresión en el adolescente y un alto nivel de insatisfacción con el núcleo familiar son factores asociados a la falta de cohesión familiar; factores como la violencia intrafamiliar, las habilidades sociales y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas no presentaron asociación con la variable de interés.

Abstract Introduction: The level of cohesion within a family nucleus is useful to characterize connections and relationships established between its members. It also constitutes a fundamental factor in the development of family intervention programs and policies. Objective: To identify factors associated with family cohesion in adolescents from the municipality of Envigado (Colombia). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using a primary source of information and a sample of 1008 students from two schools from Envigado. The following instruments were used: family cohesion scale; Zung's Depression scale; Gismero's Social Skills scale; and sociodemographic and substance use questions. Results: 61.5% of adolescents were not at risk for alcoholism, 73.8% were not drug dependent, 16.5% were at risk of depression, and 81.7% had adequate social skills. The prevalence of family cohesion was 96.6%. A feeling of satisfaction with their families and absence of depression were associated with good family cohesion. Conclusions: Depression in adolescents and a high level of dissatisfaction towards their family are factors associated with the lack of family cohesion. Factors such as domestic violence, social skills, and use of psychoactive substances did not show an association with the variable of interest.

Estilos de aprendizaje: Un reto curricular para la educación en enfermería / Learning styles: a curricular challenge for nursing education / Estilos de aprendizagem: Um desafio curricular para a educação em enfermagem

Objetivo: Determinar los estilos de aprendizaje y factores relacionados, en los estu-diantes del programa de enfermería de una universidad privada en Medellín (Colom-bia). Materiales y métodos: Investigación transversal con intención analítica, apli-cada a 179 estudiantes matriculados en el programa de enfermería. La recolección de los datos se realizó a través de: una encuesta autoaplicada que permitió indagar todo lo relacionado con variables sociodemográficas y personales; así como de un cues-tionario CHAEA de Honey Alonso sobre estilos de aprendizaje (Activo, Reflexivo, Teórico y Pragmático). Las variables cualitativas se obtuvieron mediante medidas de frecuencia y las variables cuantitativas se consiguieron con medidas de tendencia central. Se realizó un análisis bivariado, utilizando la prueba X2 de Pearson; no se obtuvo significancia estadística (p > 0,05). Resultados: En la población estudiada predominó con un 85,4% las mujeres; el estado civil fue el de soltero, con un 89%. En cuanto a los recursos educativos empleados, se observó que: el 62,1% asiste a la bi-blioteca para búsqueda de información y el 65,9% se sirve de las bases de datos como fuentes de información. El método de aprendizaje más utilizado es el análisis de caso, aunque predomina en la enseñanza la magistralidad. El estilo de aprendizaje que pre-dominó fue el reflexivo con un 15% seguido del teórico con un 14%. Conclusiones:Los estudiantes de enfermería aplican los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje en los diversos semestres; sin embargo, existe una tendencia hacia el estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo y teórico; por tanto, conocer estas tendencias por los docentes universitarios es un reto, ya que se requiere emplear procedimientos diferentes a los habituales en la enseñanza y así desarrollar el pensamiento enfermero en los estudiantes, de acuerdo a su predilección de aprendizaje

Objective: Determine the learning styles and related factors in students from the nursing program of a private university in Medellin (Colombia). Materials and Methods: Transversal research with analytical intention, applied to 179 students enrolled in the nursing program. The data was recollected through: a self-applied interview that allowed to investigate relating sociodemographic and personal variables; as well as a questionnaire of Honey Alonso, CHAEA, about learning styles (Active, Reflexive, Theoretical and Pragmatic). The qualitative variables were obtained through frequency measures and the quan-titative variables were obtained through central tendency. A bivariate analysis was performed using the Pearson's chi-squared test; no statistical significance was obtained (p>0,05). Results: In the population studied women predominated with 85.4%; and the marital status 'single' with 89%. Re-garding educative resources used, it was observed that: 62.1% go to the library to find information, and 65.9% use data bases as sources of information. The most used learning style was reflexive with 15% followed by theoretical with 14%. Conclusions: Nursing students apply the different learning styles in diverse semesters; however, there is a tendency toward the reflexive and theoretical styles; therefore, knowing these tendencies is a challenge for university teachers, since it requires perfor-ming different learning procedures to develop the nursing thinking in the students, according to their learning preference.

Objetivo: Determinar os estilos de aprendizagem e fatores relacionados, nos alunos de uma esco-la de enfermagem de uma universidade particular de Medellin (Colômbia). Materiais e métodos: Estudo de tipo transversal de intenção analítica aplicado em 179 alunos da enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados aferindo variáveis sociais, demográficas e pessoais; também foi empregado o ques-tionário CHAEA de Honey-Alonso sobre os estilos de aprendizagem (Ativo, Reflexivo, Teórico e Pragmático). As variáveis qualitativas foram apresentadas com medidas de frequência e as variáveis quantitativas apresentaram-se com medidas de tendência central. Foi feita uma análise bivariada em-pregando o teste X2 de Pearson sem obter significância estatística (p>0,05). Resultados: O 85,4% da população estudada foi do sexo feminino de estado civil solteiro (89%). Nos recursos de ensino empregados, o 62,1% frequenta a biblioteca para pesquisar informação e o 65.9% usa portais de pesquisa acadêmica. O método de aprendizagem mais usado é a análise de casos, embora o que predomina são as aulas magistrais. O estilo de aprendizagem mais frequente foi o reflexivo (15%), seguido do teórico com um 14%. Conclusões: Os alunos da enfermagem usam os diferentes estilos de aprendizagem durante a sua formação. Embora exista uma tendência ao aprendizagem reflexivo e teórico, conhecer às tendências dos estilos de aprendizagem dos alunos pelos professores é um desafio, já que precisa de métodos de ensino deferentes dos habituais para assim desenvolver o pen-samento enfermeiro, acorde com as preferencias do aprendizagem.