ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The normal morphology of the colon differs among mammal species.The ascending colon presents several types of cells, responsible for carrying different functions for this organ. Among them, the mucus-secreting cells ensure the integrity of the mucosa, local defense, protection against different external factors, inflammatory diseases, cancer, etc. The ascending colon from 5 adult male chinchillas were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with three methods: Goldner's trichrome, PAS reaction, and Alcian blue staining procedure. The results showed that the structure of the ascending colon is similar to the one described in other species, i.e. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. Regarding the mucus-secreting cells present in the deeper part of the mucosal crypts (deep crypt secretory or DCS cells) turned out to be different not only morphologically from the surface goblet cells but also regarding the type of mucus synthesized. DCS cells have a multivacuolated, faintly stained cytoplasm with moderately PAS-positive reaction and intensely positive reaction to Alcian blue stain. The mean surface of DCS cells was 521.6 μm2 as compared to 437.9 μm2 for goblet cells (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study describes for the first time in chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) the presence of formerly known non-goblet or vacuolated cells, and recently entitled DCS cells in the glandular epithelium of the colon. The understanding of morphological peculiarities in chinchilla may serve as a good basis to understand the pathophysiology of various conditions that may arise.
RESUMEN: La morfología normal del colon es diferente entre las especies de mamíferos. El colon ascendente presenta varios tipos de células, encargadas de llevar varias funciones a este órgano. Entre ellos, las células secretoras aseguran la integridad de la mucosa, defensa local, protección frente a diferentes factores externos, enfermedades inflamatorias, cáncer, etc. Se procesaron para su inclusión en parafina el colon ascendente de 5 chinchillas machos adultos y se tiñeron con tres métodos: tricrómico de Goldner, reacción PAS y Azul de Alcian. Los resultados mostraron que la estructura de del colon ascendente es similar a la descrita en otras especies, es decir, mucosa, submucosa, muscular externa y serosa. Las células secretoras de la mucosa presente en la parte más profunda de las criptas mucosas (células secretoras de la cripta profunda o células DCS) resultaron ser diferentes morfológicamente de las células caliciformes superficiales, con citoplasma levemente teñido con reacción PAS positiva moderada y reacción intensamente positiva a Azul de Alcian. La superficie media de las células DCS fue de 521,6 μm2 en comparación con 437,9 μm2 de las células caliciformes (p <0,05). En conclusión, nuestro estudio describe por primera vez en chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) la presencia de células no caliciformes o vacuoladas anteriormente conocidas, y recientemente denominadas células DCS en el epitelio glandular del colon. La comprensión de las peculiaridades morfológicas de la chinchilla puede servir como una buena base para comprender la fisiopatología de las diversas afecciones.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chinchilla/anatomy & histology , Colon, Ascending/cytologyABSTRACT
Spore-based Bacillus spp. products are considered to have a higher probiotic potential compared to products containing only lactic acid bacteria because their viability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is higher, even when GI environmental conditions are unfavorable. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici spore-based potential probiotic on the natural levels of postprandial endotoxemia. A total of 11 dogs completed the study: group 1-healthy dogs: n = 5; group 2-dogs with apparent dysbiosis: n = 6. For 30 days, the dogs were fed the probiotic product; clinical examinations and blood sampling were done before and after completion of the probiotic treatment. Endotoxin levels were assessed pre-meal, 6 h and 12 h post-meal, before initiation and after completion of the treatment. The results showed a decrease in endotoxin levels after treatment, especially 12 h post-meal (group 1: 20.60%; group 2: 44.93%). This study reports new information with regard to natural endotoxemia levels in dogs and suggests that a multi-strain formula (spore-based) consisting of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and P. acidilactici is able to diminish endotoxin values.
