ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the health status and lifestyle habits of vulnerable, community-dwelling older adults during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. A telephone assessment was carried out in 38 individuals (71% women), with a Barthel index ≥85 who were frail or had a high risk of falls. Data were compared with those from an assessment performed 9 months earlier. In the latter part of the lockdown, a high percentage of the studied individuals showed difficulties in walking up 10 steps and reported sleep problems (66%) and pain (74%). On the other hand, participants were not anxious/depressed (71%) and the majority did not report loneliness (60%). Compared to the earlier assessment, we identified a decline in functional capacity and worsening of nutritional status, but an increase in family support. Efforts should be made to implement intervention programs seeking to avoid accelerated decline under the current pandemic situation, and especially during possible new lockdowns.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Independent Living , Aged , Communicable Disease Control , Female , Habits , Humans , Life Style , Male , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In most European countries, correctional healthcare provision is under strain or in the process of change regarding its management model and the implications that such modifications may entail for the improvement of inmates' health. This paper compares the functioning and the results of health management in a facility whose healthcare service is integrated within an autonomic health system and others which depend on the department of corrections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study where the study unit is the facility itself. From the data collected from the record of Monthly Health Statistics of Penitentiary Institutions we have constructed a series of indicators according to the recommendations of the National Health System. RESULTS: The physician to nurse ratio per inmate is higher in the transferred facility. Only the transferred establishment has telemedicine resources. Attendance to primary health services is higher that in all non-transferred establishments, while the mean attendance to specialized consultation in the transferred facility doubles that of the remaining centers. DISCUSSION: We have observed greater access to specialized care in the correctional facility managed by the community health system when compared to that of the facilities managed by Penitentiary Institutions. This statement is based on a series of effectivity indicators and results that have provided significantly improved outcome in the transferred facility.
Subject(s)
Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Prisons/organization & administration , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Policy , Humans , Models, Organizational , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , SpainABSTRACT
Objetivo: En la mayoría de los países europeos, los servicios sanitarios penitenciarios se encuentran sometidos a tensión o en proceso de cambio en lo que respecta a su modelo de gestión y a las repercusiones que estos cambios puedan tener en la mejora de la salud de los reclusos. Este trabajo compara el funcionamiento y los resultados de la gestión sanitaria en una prisión cuyo servicio sanitario está integrado en un servicio de salud autonómico con otros dependientes de instituciones penitenciarias. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en el que la unidad de estudio es el centro. A partir de datos obtenidos del registro de Estadística Sanitaria Mensual de Instituciones Penitenciarias se han construido una serie de indicadores propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Resultados: La ratio de médicos y de enfermeros por interno es mayor en el centro transferido. Solo el centro transferido dispone de recursos de telemedicina. La frecuentación de los servicios de atención primaria es superior en todos los centros no transferidos, mientras que la frecuentación de consultas especializadas del centro transferido duplica la media de las consultas especializadas de los demás centros. Discusión: Se ha evidenciado una mayor accesibilidad de la asistencia especializada en el centro penitenciario gestionado por el servicio comunitario de salud, si lo comparamos con el gestionado por Instituciones Penitenciarias. Esta afirmación se sustenta en unos indicadores de efectividad y resultados que han proporcionado datos significativamene mejores en el centro transferido (AU)
Objective: In most European countries, correctional healthcare provision is under strain or in the process of change regarding its management model and the implications that such modifications may entail for the improvement of inmates health. This paper compares the functioning and the results of health management in a facility whose healthcare service is integrated within an autonomic health system and others which depend on the department of corrections. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study where the study unit is the facility itself. From the data collected from the record of Monthly Health Statistics of Penitentiary Institutions we have constructed a series of indicators according to the recommendations of the National Health System. Results: The physician to nurse ratio per inmate is higher in the transferred facility. Only the transferred establishment has telemedicine resources. Attendance to primary health services is higher that in all non-transferred establishments, while the mean attendance to specialized consultation in the transferred facility doubles that of the remaining centers. Discussion: We have observed greater access to specialized care in the correctional facility managed by the community health system when compared to that of the facilities managed by Penitentiary Institutions. This statement is based on a series of effectivity indicators and results that have provided significantly improved outcome in the transferred facility (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Patient Care Management/organization & administration , Health Resources/organization & administration , Prisons/trends , Models, Organizational , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
The Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) genes are able to inhibit the replication of a wide range of exogenous retroviruses, as well as endogenous retroviruses and retrotransposons. Three APOBEC3 genes, named APOBEC3Z1, APOBEC3Z2 and APOBEC3Z3, have been described in sheep. In this work the three genes have been screened in order to identify polymorphisms. No polymorphism was detected for the A3Z2 and A3Z3 genes but 16 SNPs and a 3-bp deletion were found in the A3Z1 gene. A thermoestability prediction analysis was applied to the detected amino acidic SNPs by three different programs. This analysis revealed a number of polymorphisms that could affect the protein stability. The SNPs of the 3'UTR were tested to detect alterations on the predicted microRNA target sites. Two new microRNA target sites were discovered for one of the alleles. Two SNPs were selected for association studies in relation with the retroviral disease Visna/Maedi in Latxa and Assaf sheep breeds. Although association analyses resulted unconclusive, probably due to the unsuitability of the SNP allele frequency distribution of the selected polymorphisms in the analyzed breeds, these genes remain good candidates for association studies.
