ABSTRACT
La oscilometría es una herramienta que, poco a poco, se está abriendo paso en las consultas de neumología y alergología. Se trata de una técnica sencilla de realizar para el paciente, que, además, aporta información adicional a las pruebas de función respiratoria clásicas. No solamente nos indica la alteración que existe en la vía aérea, sino que localiza a qué altura se produce (central o periférica). El objetivo es acercar esta técnica al personal sanitario y hacer más sencilla su interpretación. (AU)
Oscillometry is a tool that is gradually making its way into the daily routine of pneumology and allergology. It is a simple technique for the patient, which also provides additional information to the classic respiratory function tests. It not only indicates if there is an alteration in the airway, but also locates where it occurs (central or peripheral). The aim is to bring this technique closer to healthcare professionals and facilitate its interpretation. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Physiology , Oscillometry , Pulmonary Medicine , Allergy and Immunology , LungABSTRACT
Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of respiratory disorders that are usually classified together because they have similar clinical, radiological, physiological or pathological manifestations. In the last decade there have been important scientific advances in the study of these entities, which has led to a better understanding of their pathophysiology and to the appearance of treatments that have brought about a paradigm shift in the disease. This document presents a series of questions and answers on ILD, with special emphasis on the most relevant changes in terms of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
ABSTRACT
The circadian rhythm of sleep occurs in a cyclical 24-h pattern that is adjusted by the influence of several main synchronizers or "zeitgebers". The most powerful synchronizer is the light-dark alternation, but also, socio-economic factors play a role, such as social and work relationships. Circadian rhythm regulation plays a crucial role in human health. This disruption of circadian rhythm can lead to increased incidence of diseases: diabetes, obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Polygenic variations and environmental factors influence the circadian rhythm of each person. This is known as chronotype, which manifests itself as the degree of morning of evening preferences of each individual. There are indications to establish an association between individual chronotype preferences and the behavior of respiratory diseases.
El ritmo circadiano del sueño ocurre en un patrón cíclico de 24 horas que se ajusta por la influencia de varios sincronizadores principales o zeitgebers. El sincronizador más poderoso es la alternancia luz-oscuridad, además de los factores socioeconómicos, las relaciones sociales y las laborales. La regulación del ritmo circadiano juega un papel crucial en la salud humana. Esta interrupción del ritmo circadiano puede conducir a una mayor incidencia de enfermedades: diabetes, obesidad, cáncer, enfermedades neurodegenerativas, mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular e ictus.Las variaciones poligénicas y los factores ambientales influyen en el ritmo circadiano de cada persona. Esto se conoce como cronotipo, que se manifiesta como el grado de preferencias matutinas o vespertinas de cada individuo. Existen indicios para establecer una asociación entre las preferencias individuales de cronotipo y el comportamiento de las enfermedades respiratorias.
ABSTRACT
El síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé es una entidad clínica rara, de herencia autosómica dominante, que se caracteriza por le-siones cutáneas tipo fibrofoliculomas, quistes pulmonares de predominio basal y un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncerrenal. En nuestro caso describimos una paciente de 53 años que acude a la consulta de dermatología por una lesión nasal,siendo finalmente diagnosticada de Birt-Hogg-Dubé.(AU)
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is a rare clinical entity of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterised by fibrofolliculoma-likeskin lesions, basal lung cysts and an increased risk of developing renal cancer. In our case we describe a 53-year-oldfemale patient who presented to the dermatology department for a nasal lesion and was finally diagnosed with Birt-Hogg-Dubé.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Kidney Neoplasms , Lung/abnormalities , Cysts , Pneumothorax , Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome , Inpatients , Physical Examination , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Symptom AssessmentABSTRACT
La ecografía clínica es una herramienta de uso cada vez más extendido. En el campo de la patología respiratoria, esta técnica también se ha incluido de forma progresiva en la práctica habitual, hasta abarcar en los últimos años la patología diafragmática. No solo tiene una curva de aprendizaje sencilla, sino que es accesible e indolora. El objetivo es realizar una revisión detallada de la técnica y analizar su utilidad, sobre todo en el campo de la ventilación mecánica y el paciente neuromuscular.(AU)
Clinical ultrasound is an increasingly widespread tool. In the field of respiratory pathology, this technique has also been progressively included in our usual practice even encompassing diaphragmatic pathology in recent years. Not only does it have an easy learning curve, but it is also accessible and painless. The objective is to perform a detailed review of the technique and analyze its usefulness, especially in the field of mechanical ventilation and neuromuscular patients.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Diaphragm/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Respiratory Tract DiseasesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) has been shown to be a useful therapy in the treatment of patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), but its efficacy is still unknown in patients with COVID-19. Our objective is to describe its utility as therapy for the treatment of ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was performed at a single centre, evaluating patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 treated with HFNC. The main outcome was the intubation rate at day 30, which defined failure of therapy. We also analysed the role of the ROX index to predict the need for intubation. RESULTS: In the study period, 196 patients with bilateral pneumonia were admitted to our pulmonology unit, 40 of whom were treated with HFNC due to the presence of ARDS. The intubation rate at day 30 was 52.5%, and overall mortality was 22.5%. After initiating HFNC, the SpO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly better in the group that did not require intubation (113.4±6.6 vs 93.7±6.7, p=0.020), as was the ROX index (5.0±1.6 vs 4.0±1.0, p=0.018). A ROX index less than 4.94 measured 2 to 6 h after the start of therapy was associated with increased risk of intubation (HR 4.03 [95% CI 1.18 - 13.7]; p=0.026). CONCLUSION: High-flow therapy is a useful treatment in ARDS in order to avoid intubation or as a bridge therapy, and no increased mortality was observed secondary to the delay in intubation. After initiating HFNC, a ROX index below 4.94 predicts the need for intubation.
ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Bronchoscopy , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Mycobacterium Infections/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Staining and Labeling , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Pneumocystis in humans is caused by a unicellular and eukaryotic organism called P. jirovecii. The overall incidence of P. jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) has decreased with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the use of chemoprophylaxis with trimethroprim sulfametoxazole (TMP/SMX) in cases of immunosuppressed patients. However, approximately 85% of patients with advanced HIV infections continue to experience this disease with inadequate management. Pneumocystis infection can present with spontaneous pneumothorax in 2-6% of cases [8] which can be a potentially fatal complication. We report the case of a 32-year-old man presented with P. jirovecii pneumonia who developed cystic lesions and spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax in spite of TMP/SMX treatment. We consider it an interesting clinical case because few simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax cases have been described directly related to the PCP.
