[Characterisation of viral agents with potential to cause diarrhea in Djibouti]. / Caractérisation des virus agents potentiels des diarrhées chez l'adulte à Djibouti.

Due to limited laboratory facilities in the tropics, the exact role of enteric viruses in causing diarrhea among adults in the tropics is unknown. The purpose of this report is to describe a multicenter study undertaken in Djibouti to determine the prevalence of a large panel of enteric viruses using immunochromatography; antigenic detection by ELISA, RT-PCR cellular inoculation, sequence analysis; and indirect serology. Study samples were collected from 108 patients presenting acute and sporadic diarrhea. Although they are well known causes of diarrhea in children, rotavirus and adenovirus were identified in only 2 and 5% of adults respectively. In contrast human caliciviruses (HuCVs) and enterovirus were identified in 25 and 42% of adult cases respectively. Uncommon genotypes of HuCVs and recombinant forms (junction pol/l cap) as well as a significant number of sapovirus (30%) were identified. Further study is needed to clarify the role of enterovirus (echovirus) in the etiology of acute diarrhea in adults. No polivirus was identified. These new data from the Horn of Africa increase our knowledge about the epidemiology of acute infectious diarrhea that is a major public health problem and potential danger for travelers.

Caracterisation des virus agents potentiels des diarrhees chez l'adulte a Djibouti

Chez l'adulte; en zone tropicale; la part exacte des virus enteriques dans les diarrhees infectieuses aigues; demeure inconnue faute de moyens diagnostiques. Une etude multicentrique a permis de preciser la prevalence virale; chez des patients presentant des diarrhees aigues sporadiques a Djibouti. A partir d'un echantillon de 108 sujets; un large panel de virus enteriques a ete recherche par immunochromatographie; detection antigenique en ELISA immunocapture; RT-PCR; inoculation sur cellules permissives; analyse de sequences; et methodes indirectes en serologie. Les rotavirus et adenovirus agents principaux des gastroenterites chez l'enfant representent respectivement 2 et 5des cas. Les astrovirus; 5des cas. En revanche; les calicivirus humains (HuCVs) et enterovirus sont retrouves dans 25 et 42des cas respectivement. Des genotypes inhabituels de HuCVs et des formes recombinantes (jonction pol / cap) ont ete mis en evidence; ainsi qu'un nombre relatif eleve de sapovirus (30). La participation des enterovirus (echovirus) dans l'etiologie des diarrhees sporadiques de l'adulte merite d'etre approfondie.Aucune souche de poliovirus n'a ete mise en evidence. Ces nouvelles donnees concernant la Corne de l'Afrique renforcent nos connaissances epidemiologiques sur les diarrhees infectieuses aigues; probleme majeur de sante publique; et danger potentiel pour les voyageurs