ABSTRACT
Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is classified within parasomnia and is characterised by recurrent episodes of abnormal, dysfunctional eating during sleep. This report describes a case of SRED in a 19-year-old woman admitted to the psychiatric ward with worsening anxiety, low mood and suicidal ideation. She was started on low-dose mirtazapine for mood stabilisation and, following an incremental increase to 30 mg, she developed nocturnal binge eating of which she retained only partial memory on waking. She developed adverse health consequences as a result of these recurrent episodes. The subject's symptoms were relieved rapidly following reduction of the dose of mirtazapine back to 15 mg.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Mirtazapine/adverse effects , Parasomnias/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Feeding and Eating Disorders/chemically induced , Female , Humans , Parasomnias/chemically induced , Young AdultABSTRACT
We describe the case of a 62-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder, previously stable on lithium for over 20 years, who presented with a manic relapse and signs of lithium toxicity in the form of a coarse tremor. Serum lithium levels were in the normal range, and the patient had stage 3 chronic kidney disease. He was admitted for treatment under Section 2 of the Mental Health Act, and after stopping lithium was started on olanzapine. Signs of lithium toxicity improved after withdrawal of lithium. This case highlights the need to treat normal serum lithium levels with caution in patients showing signs of clinical lithium toxicity.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Lithium/toxicity , Secondary Prevention/methods , Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Lithium/blood , Lithium/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Olanzapine , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The assessment of personality disorder is currently inaccurate, largely unreliable, frequently wrong and in need of improvement. AIMS: To describe the errors inherent in the current systems and to indicate recent ways of improving personality assessment. METHOD: Historical review, description of recent developments, including temporal stability, and of studies using document-derived assessment. RESULTS: Studies of interrater agreement and accuracy of diagnosis in complex patients with independently established personality status using document-derived assessment (PAS-DOC) with a four personality cluster classification, showed very good agreement between raters for the flamboyant cluster B group of personalities, generally good agreement for the anxious/dependent cluster C group and inhibited (obsessional) cluster D group, but only fair agreement for the withdrawn cluster A group. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 71%. CONCLUSIONS: Personality function or diathesis, a fluctuating state, is a better description than personality disorder. The best form of assessment is one that uses longitudinal repeated measures using a four-dimensional system.
