Large-scale sea ice-Surface temperature variability linked to Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.

Due to its involvement in numerous feedbacks, sea ice plays a crucial role not only for polar climate but also at global scale. We analyse state-of-the-art observed, reconstructed, and modelled sea-ice concentration (SIC) together with sea surface temperature (SST) to disentangle the influence of different forcing factors on the variability of these coupled fields. Canonical Correlation Analysis provides distinct pairs of coupled Arctic SIC-Atlantic SST variability which are linked to prominent oceanic and atmospheric modes of variability over the period 1854-2017. The first pair captures the behaviour of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) while the third and can be associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in a physically consistent manner. The dominant global SIC-Atlantic SST coupled mode highlights the contrast between the responses of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice to changes in AMOC over the 1959-2021 period. Model results indicate that coupled SST-SIC patterns can be associated with changes in ocean circulation. We conclude that a correct representation of AMOC-induced coupled SST-SIC variability in climate models is essential to understand the past, present and future sea-ice evolution.

Spectroscopic characterization of different protonation/deprotonation states of Barbaloin in aqueous solution.

Barbaloin (10-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthraquinone: aloin A), present in Aloe species, is widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Here we characterize its optical absorption and emission spectra in aqueous solution at different pH values. Through pH titration, using both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, two pKa values for Barbaloin were determined: pKa1=9.6±0.6 and pKa2=12.6±0.8. These acidity constants were found to be higher than those found for Emodin, a similar molecule which lacks the sugar moiety present in Barbaloin. Performing quantum mechanical calculations for non-ionized, singly, doubly, and triply deprotonated forms of Barbaloin in vacuum and in water, we assigned the positions of the site for the first and third deprotonation in the anthraquinone group, and the second deprotonation in the glucose group. The instability of Barbaloin in high pH solutions is discussed here, and the optical absorption and fluorescence spectra due to products resulted from Barbaloin degradation at high pH is well separated from the Barbaloin original spectra. Biological fluids have specific pH values to maintain homeostasis, hence determining the pKa of Barbaloin is important to evaluate the mechanism of action of this drug in different parts of an organism as well as to predict pharmacological relevant parameters, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Correlation of periodontal and microbiological evaluations, with serum levels of estradiol and progesterone, during different trimesters of gestation.

Our purpouse was to identify quantitatively and qualitatively the subgingival flora in different gestational trimesters, compared to non-pregnant women; evaluating the correlations between epidemiological characteristics, clinical diagnosis, microbiological findings and levels of estradiol and progesterone. 52 pregnant women divided into 3 groups, according to the gestational trimester and 15 non-pregnant patients, without hormonal contraceptives, were evaluated. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated. Subgingival biofilm samples were processed by the qPCR technique and the serum levels of estradiol and progesterone quantified by chemiluminescence. Clinical diagnosis during gestation was correlated with the total bacterial count. A higher prevalence of Tannerella forsythia (Tf) was identified in first trimester of pregnancy and this periodontopathogen was correlated with the diagnosis of gingivitis among pregnant women. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) showed a positive correlation with progesterone levels in the first trimester. High prevalence of periodontopathogens was noticed in this population. Clinical diagnosis in gestation was positively correlated with the total amount of bacteria, without influence of the hormonal levels or the epidemiological factors evaluated. The presence of Tf favored occurrence of gingivitis during pregnancy and the progesterone levels in the first trimester enhanced the growth of Pg.

Ações de Cuidados para Alta Hospitalar do Paciente Cirúrgico / Care Actions for Surgical Patients Discharge

Esta cartilha é destinada aos usuários que se submeteram a intervençõescirúrgicasinternados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital de Alta Complexidade Dr. Carlos Macieira, São Luís/MA. O objetivo é repassar de forma clara e objetiva informações simples e seguras sobre os cuidados no pós-operatório durante seu processo de reabilitaçãoem domicílio.Este informativo foi construído num coletivo composto por profissionais das áreas de enfermagem, nutrição, odontologia e fisioterapia do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Terapia Intensiva da Secretaria de Estado do Maranhãocomapoio da Empresa Maranhense de Serviços hospitalares (EMSERH).

Reduced functional capacity of community-dwelling elderly: a longitudinal study. / Redução da capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em comunidade: estudo longitudinal.

This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for the reduced functional capacity of community-dwelling elderly. A prospective, two-stage cohort study was conducted in 2011 and 2014. The study population consisted of 202 initially independent older adults for the basic activities of daily living. The relative risk (RR) and its respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as a measure of association and were estimated by log-binomial regression with robust variance. The incidence of lower functional capacity was 15.3%. The risk factors for the functional decline were unmarried status (RRadj = 2.75; 95%CI: 1.15-6.57) and depressive symptoms (RRadj = 2.41; 95%CI: 1.15-5.06), even after adjusting for gender, age group, per capita household income, diabetes, use of medication and level of physical activity. The high incidence of reduced functional capacity and its association with marital status and mental health aspects reveals the need to consider such factors in the planning of health actions aimed at maintaining and restoring the functional capacity of the seniors.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a incidência e fatores de risco para a redução da capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em comunidade. Foi conduzido estudo de coorte prospectivo em duas fases, 2011 e 2014. A população do estudo foi composta por 202 idosos inicialmente independentes para as atividades básicas da vida diária. Utilizou-se como medida de associação o risco relativo (RR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC) 95%, que foram estimados por regressão log-binomial com variância robusta. A incidência da redução de capacidade funcional foi de 15,3%. Os fatores de risco para o declínio funcional foram: estado civil sem união (RR aj = 2,75; IC95%: 1,15 ­ 6,57) e presença de sintomas de depressão (RR aj = 2,41; IC95%: 1,15 ­ 5,06), mesmo após ajuste por sexo, faixa etária, renda familiar per capita, diabetes, uso de medicamentos e nível de atividade física. A elevada incidência da redução de capacidade funcional e sua associação com aspectos da relação conjugal e de saúde mental revela a necessidade de considerar tais fatores no planejamento de ações em saúde voltadas à manutenção e recuperação da capacidade funcional dos idosos.

Perfil das mães com filhos diagnosticados com fissura labiopalatal / Profile of mothers with children diagnosed with cleft lip and palate

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil das mães com filhos diagnosticados com fissura lábiopalatal e verificar as orientações recebidas acerca desta patologia e sobre o aleitamento materno. Material e método: Foram entrevistadas 50 mães de crianças com fissuras labiopalatinas, de ambos os sexos e sem outras anomalias congênitas associadas. As mães foram entrevistadas utilizando um questionário modificado, aplicado logo após a triagem no Ambulatório de Anomalias Craniofaciais do Hospital Geral Universitário de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso - Brasil. Os dados foram analisados utilizando os testes estatísticos ANOVA (análise de variância) e Tukey para nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: A maioria das mães pertencia à faixa etária de 20-30 anos, 64% delas não possuíam o ensino médio completo. De todas as mães que realizaram consultas de pré-natal, 74% receberam o diagnóstico da fissura ainda na gestação, sendo que essas realizaram número maior de consultas de pré-natal em relação àquelas que receberam o diagnóstico no pós-natal. Sobre o aleitamento materno 62% delas receberam orientações no pré-natal, sendo este índice elevado a 70% na maternidade, após o diagnóstico da fissura. Os sentimentos de preocupação e aceitação foram os mais relatados pelas mães. O uso de mamadeira como forma de aleitamento foi observado em 54% dos casos após a alta da maternidade. Conclusão: Foi verificado que as mães eram jovens, com baixo nível escolar e um número expressivo delas recebeu a informação do diagnóstico da fissura durante a gestação e informações sobre o aleitamento materno. Medo e preocupação foram sentimentos comumente relatados.

Objective: To evaluate the profile of mothers with children with cleft lip and palate and to verify the guidelines received about this pathology and about breastfeeding. Material and method: Fifty mothers of children with cleft lip and palate of both sexes and without other associated congenital anomalies. Mothers were interviewed using a modified questionnaire, which was applied soon after screening at the Craniofacial Anomalies Outpatient Clinic of the General University Hospital of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso - Brazil. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey tests for significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results: The results showed a higher prevalence of mothers with mean age of 20-30 yearsold, and 64% of them did not have completed high school. Of all the mothers who underwent prenatal consultations, 74% of the fissure were diagnosed during pregnancy, and they performed a larger number of prenatal consultations in comparison to those who received the diagnosis in the postnatal period. Regarding breastfeeding, 62% of them received prenatal guidance, which was 70% in the maternity ward, after diagnosis of the fissure. The feelings of concern and acceptance were the most reported by the mothers. The use of bottle feeding as a form of breastfeeding was observed in 54% of cases after discharge from maternity. Conclusion: It was verified that the mothers were young, with low school level and a significant number of them received the information of the diagnosis of fissure during pregnancy and about breastfeeding. Fear and worry were commonly reported feelings.

Can different stages of leprosy treatment influence the profile of oral health? Oral status in leprosy

BACKGROUND: The aim of study was to evaluate the oral health status, salivary flow and halitosis among individuals diagnosed with leprosy as compared with healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 160 individuals was allocated into four groups, as follows: (G1) individuals with complete leprosy treatment; (G2) individuals diagnosed with leprosy and under multi-drug therapy; (G3) individuals diagnosed with leprosy not yet under treatment; and (G4) healthy individuals. Then individuals were submitted to periodontal clinical examination (visible plaque index, bleeding index, depth of probing and clinical attachment level); DMFT index (decayed-missing-filled teeth index); evaluation of salivary flow and halitosis using a halimeter equipment (Interscan Corp, Chatsworth, CA, USA). RESULTS: The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. The mean DMFT was found to be higher than 6.6, which is considered very high, with no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). As for salivary flow, 76.2% of the subjects presented normal flow rates, while 10% and 13.7% showed low and very low salivary flow rates, respectively, with hyposalivation being mostly observed in Groups 1 and 2. The highest prevalence of noticeable odor was found in healthy individuals (G4), and the most prevalent periodontal diagnosis was gingivitis (63.1%) in Group 3 (individuals with leprosy not yet under multi-drug therapy) followed by periodontitis (25%) in Group 1 (individuals who had completed leprosy treatment). CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that individuals with a history of leprosy present poor oral health similar to that of systemically healthy individuals

Redução da capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em comunidade: estudo longitudinal / Reduced functional capacity of community-dwelling elderly: a longitudinal study

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a incidência e fatores de risco para a redução da capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em comunidade. Foi conduzido estudo de coorte prospectivo em duas fases, 2011 e 2014. A população do estudo foi composta por 202 idosos inicialmente independentes para as atividades básicas da vida diária. Utilizou-se como medida de associação o risco relativo (RR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC) 95%, que foram estimados por regressão log-binomial com variância robusta. A incidência da redução de capacidade funcional foi de 15,3%. Os fatores de risco para o declínio funcional foram: estado civil sem união (RR aj = 2,75; IC95%: 1,15 - 6,57) e presença de sintomas de depressão (RR aj = 2,41; IC95%: 1,15 - 5,06), mesmo após ajuste por sexo, faixa etária, renda familiar per capita, diabetes, uso de medicamentos e nível de atividade física. A elevada incidência da redução de capacidade funcional e sua associação com aspectos da relação conjugal e de saúde mental revela a necessidade de considerar tais fatores no planejamento de ações em saúde voltadas à manutenção e recuperação da capacidade funcional dos idosos.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for the reduced functional capacity of community-dwelling elderly. A prospective, two-stage cohort study was conducted in 2011 and 2014. The study population consisted of 202 initially independent older adults for the basic activities of daily living. The relative risk (RR) and its respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as a measure of association and were estimated by log-binomial regression with robust variance. The incidence of lower functional capacity was 15.3%. The risk factors for the functional decline were unmarried status (RRadj = 2.75; 95%CI: 1.15-6.57) and depressive symptoms (RRadj = 2.41; 95%CI: 1.15-5.06), even after adjusting for gender, age group, per capita household income, diabetes, use of medication and level of physical activity. The high incidence of reduced functional capacity and its association with marital status and mental health aspects reveals the need to consider such factors in the planning of health actions aimed at maintaining and restoring the functional capacity of the seniors.

Caries Experience and Periodontal Status in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and Palate.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the rate of dental caries and the periodontal status of children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to compare them with gender- and age-matched control subjects. METHODS: A total of 156 five- to 18-year-olds, with or without CLP, were examined for dental caries (decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth and primary surfaces [DMFT and dmfs, respectively] indices), plaque index (PI), the gingival bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Diagnoses of gingivitis (localized and generalized) and periodontitis (mild, moderate, and advanced) were performed. Characteristics such as gender, age group, cleft type, socioeconomic status, dental occlusion, and the use of orthodontic appliance were analyzed. RESULTS: DMFT and dmfs scores were significantly higher in the control group. The PI, BI, and PPD indices were higher in the CLP group. Respectively, in individuals with and without CLP, 49 percent and 75 percent, had good gingival health, 22 percent and 24 percent had localized gingivitis, and 29 percent and one percent had generalized gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that caries experience in both dentitions was higher for CLP patients, and the presence of CLP is a determining factor for higher risk of gingival inflammation.

Periodontal and Microbiological Profile of Intensive Care Unit Inpatients.

INTRODUCTION: The bidirectional relationship between the periodontal diseases and systemic diseases was attributed to the focal infection concept. The aims of this study were to assess the periodontal and microbiological profile of intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients submitted to orotracheal intubation, and classify them regarding gender, age group, ethnic, hospitalization reason and period, nosocomial infection occurrence, and death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inpatients were assessed, distributed into toothed and toothless groups. The periodontal clinical condition was assessed 24 hours after the ICU admission through plaque index, gum index, probing depth, and clinical level of insertion. All microbiological samples were collected on the 6th day of admission. These samples were collected from different intraoral sites, depending on the group: In the toothed group, samples were collected from gingival sulcus and in the toothless group, from buccal mucosa and tongue. Identification for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) was accomplished and analyzed, using absolute quantification and specific primer pairs through an amplification system with probes. RESULTS: Forty subjects composed the sample: Gender characterized by 60% of male, 27.5% of all patients were older than 60, and 22.5% were hospitalized due to cerebrovascular accident. Regarding hospitalization period, 55% of patients were hospitalized for 6 days and 70% of them died during the period of hospitalization. Of inpatients, 40% presented periodontal disease and 100% presented dental biofilm on assessed sites. When assessing the microbiota, statistical significance was observed between Aa, Pg, and Tf, for both toothed and toothless group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Large quantities of Aa were found in samples of toothless inpatients, a fact that suggests that the oral environment, even without teeth, presents favorable conditions for bacterial biofilm formation with a related pathogenic potential. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The dental biofilm may comprise pulmonary pathogen colonies, promoting a perfect environment for their growth and development, facilitating the colonization of the lower airways, as well as colonization by bacteria originally from the oral cavity.

Avaliação do conhecimento dos alunos de graduação em odontologia x cirurgião dentista no diagnóstico de maus-tratos a crianças / Assessment of knowledge of undergraduate students x dentist in diagnosis of child maltreatment

Os maus-tratos em crianças e adolescentes ocorrem quando um indivíduo comete um ato capaz de causar dano físico, psicológico ou sexual, contrariamente à vontade da vítima, podendo gerar consequências graves como injúrias permanentes e problemas psicossociais. O envolvimento frequente de áreas como a estrutura da face e a cavidade bucal torna o cirurgião dentista apto a diagnosticar a ocorrência de tais fatos. Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, a notificação é compulsória dos casos de violência pelos profissionais da saúde que atendem pelo SUS. Muitas vezes, o cirurgião dentista não tem capacitação para realizar o correto diagnóstico e fazer o encaminhamento necessário. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos alunos de graduação e do profissional de Odontologia em relação aos maus-tratos na infância e adolescência.

Maltreatment in children and adolescents occur when an individual commits an act capable of causing physical harm, psychological or sexual, against the wishes of the victim, and may cause serious consequences such as permanent injury and psychosocial problems. The frequent involvement of areas such as the structure of the face and oral cavity makes the dentist able to diagnose the occurrence of such events. According to the Ministry of Health, it is required mandatory reporting of cases of violence by health professionals that work in the public service (SUS). Often the dentist does not have capacity to make a correct diagnosis and make the necessary referral. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the knowledge of undergraduate students and professional dentistry in relation to abuse in childhood and adolescence.

Conhecimento do médico hospitalar referente à higiene e as manifestações bucais de pacientes internados / Hospital physicians' knowledge of oral hygiene and oral manifestations in hospitalized patients

Objetivo: Avaliar através de questionário o conhecimento de médicoshospitalares referente à saúde bucal de pacientes internados. Métodos: Inicialmente os autores se dirigiam aos hospitais e pediam para os profissionais envolvidos preencherem um questionário semiestruturado.No total foram entrevistados 100 médicos, em seis hospitais, que atuam na rede pública e privada. O questionário foi composto por 12 questões que envolviam o ambiente hospitalar de atendimento; a área de atuação do médico; a unidade hospitalar que trabalha; a participação do cirurgião-dentista (CD) no ambientehospitalar; o conhecimento do médico referente à saúde bucal e aodiagnóstico das manifestações orais.Resultados: 52% dos médicos afirmaram não existir um controle deinfecção bucal, inclusive na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI); 45% relataram nunca ter solicitado a presença do cirurgião dentista na equipe de saúde; cerca de 93% desconheciam a forma adequada de diagnosticar a doença periodontal; e 84% da doença cárie. Sobre as questões relacionadas à higiene bucal todos os profissionaisdesconheciam técnicas e instrumentos relacionados à higiene bucal. Destaca-se nas respostas que os médicos hospitalares, na sua grande maioria, acreditam que uma unidade hospitalar de odontologia poderia diminuir o tempo de internação dos pacientes. Conclusão: Há deficiência no conhecimento dos médicos hospitalares frente ao controle do biofilme oral dos pacientes hospitalizados, mas não omissão frente às questões que envolvem o foco de infecção odontogênica...

Objective: To evaluate hospital physiciansÆ knowledge of the oralhealth of hospitalized patients by means of a questionnaire-based survey.Methods: Physicians working at hospitals were invited to fill out a semistructured questionnaire. One hundred physicians from six public andprivate hospitals were interviewed. The questionnaire contained 12 questions addressing the hospital care facilities, the physicianÆs area of expertise, the hospital unit where he/she worked, the dentistÆs role in the hospital environment, and the physicianÆs knowledge of oral health and diagnosis of oral manifestations. Results: Among the interviewed physicians, 52% stated that there was no control of oral infections in the hospital were they worked, including the intensive care unit (ICU); 45% reported never asking for a dentist in the health care team; approximately 93% and 84% did not know the correct manner for diagnosing periodontal disease and dental caries,respectively. Regarding the questions relative to oral hygiene, none of the physicians knew about oral hygiene instruments and techniques. Among the answers, it should be highlighted that most physicians believed that a hospital dental unit could reduce the hospitalization time of patients.Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, it may be concluded that the hospital physicians do not know how to control oral biofilm in hospitalized patients, but they are aware of the issues involving infections of odontogenic origin...

Influência de diferentes pré-tratamentos sobre a qualidade de banana nanica desidratada / Influence of different pretreatments on quality of dried banana nanica

Bananas desidratadas têm ampla utilização alimentícia e caracterizam-se por intenso escurecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de diferentes tratamentos (branqueamento e adição de ácido cítrico) sobre a composição química e propriedades físicas, assim como a aceitação dos produtos desidratados a 70ºC em secador de cabine. Os resultados mostraram que somente a acidez titulável e o parâmetro de intensidade do vermelho “a” aumentaram com elevação da concentração de ácido cítrico, sendo as demais propriedades inalteradas. As análises sensoriais mostraram que houve diferenças significativas quanto à cor, sendo o uso de branqueamento inadequado. Demais atributos não foram afetados indicando que as condições utilizadas não foram suficientes para causar alteração significativa nos mesmos, podendo a banana ser processada sem pré-tratamento.

Avaliação do comportamento de ratos estressados ou não associado com o uso do laser em baixa intensidade / Evaluation of the behavior of rats stressed or not associated with the use of low-intensity laser

O presente estudo avaliou o comportamento de ratos estressados ou não, associado com o uso do laser em baixa intensidade. Selecionaram-se 30 ratos Wistar adultos os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n=10/grupo): Grupo GC – controle negativo, grupo GL - laser e grupo LE - laser e estresse. Sob anestesia, realizou-se feridas padronizadas em dorso e utilizou-se dispositivo de laser de baixa intensidade de alumínio gálio índio fósforo, com potência de 40mW e 5J/cm2. O laser foi aplicado nos animais GLE e GL de forma pontual em 5 pontos distintos da ferida de cada animal, sendo um ponto em cada extremidade. Cada ponto foi irradiado por 10 segundos em 3 momentos: imediatamente após a cirurgia, 24 e 48 horas após. Os animais dos grupos GLE foram submetidos a estresse crônico após 48 horas do ato cirúrgico, pelo período de 12hrs por 11 dias. Aplicou-se o teste estatístico ANOVA e Bonferroni (p<0,05). Na análise do comportamento pelo método de campo aberto, parâmetros locomoção central, autolimpeza e sustentação em duas patas, os resultados não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). Para locomoção periférica o GL demonstrou uma maior atividade motora em relação aos demais grupos (p<0,05). No labirinto elevado, comparando-se os grupos, pelos tempos de permanência no braço aberto, o GLE manteve-se maior tempo no local comparado ao GL (p<0,05). Para o braço fechado o tempo de permanência do GLE demonstrou ser maior comparado com o GL (p<0,05). Conclusão: O uso do laser em baixa intensidade associado ao estresse crônico parece interferir no comportamento dos animais.

This study evaluated the behavior of rats stressed or not, associated with the use of low-intensity laser. We selected 30 adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups (n = 10/group): Group GC - negative control, group GL - laser group and GLE – Laser and stress. Under anesthesia, there was standardized wounds in the back and used the device lowlevel laser aluminum galliu mindium phosphorus, with an output of 40mW and 5J/cm2. The laser was applied in animals GL and GLE punctually at 5 different points of the wound of each animal, one at each end point. Each point has been irradiated for 10 seconds three times: immediately after surgery, 24 and 48 hours. GLE groups of animals were subjected to chronic stress after 48 hours of surgery for a period of 12hrs for 11 days. We applied the ANOVA and Bonferroni (p <0.05). The analysis of behavior by the method of open field locomotion parameters central, selfcleaning and support on two legs, the results showed no statistically significant difference between groups (p <0.05). For the peripheral locomotion GL showed a higher motor activity than the other groups (p <0.05). In the elevated maze, comparing the groups, the time spent in open arm, the GLE remained in place as long compared to GL (p<0.05). For the arm closed the permanence of GLE proved to be higher compared with the GL (p <0.05). Conclusion: The use of lasers in low-intensity associated with the chronic stress appears to interfere with the behavior of animals.

Síndrome da ardência bucal, correlações fisiopatológicas, medicamentosas: revisão de literatura

A síndrome da Ardência Bucal (SAB) é uma condição onde a ausência de sinais encontrado na maioria dos casos, dificulta seu diagnóstico. Os objetivos desse trabalho são classificar os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da SAB, estabelecendo uma opção de tratamento

The syndrome of burning Bucal (SAB) is a condition where the absence of signs found in most cases, its diagnosis difficult. In order to classify the pathophysiology of SAB, and the search for their treatment, are the main goals of this work

Trigger factors in migraine patients.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a chronic neurological disease with several trigger factors, including dietary, hormonal and environmental factors. PURPOSE: To analyse precipitating factors in a sample of migraine patients. METHOD: Two hundred consecutive migraine patients were interviewed about possible trigger factors for migraine attacks. RESULTS: Most patients showed at least one dietary trigger, fasting was the most frequent one, followed by alcohol and chocolate. Hormonal factors appeared in 53%, being the pre-menstrual period the most frequent trigger. Physical activities caused migraine in 13%, sexual activities in 2.5% and 64% reported emotional stress a trigger factor. 81% related some sleep problem as a trigger factor. Regarding environmental factors, smells were reported by 36.5%. CONCLUSION: Trigger factors are frequent in migraine patients, its avoidance may decrease headache frequency and also improve patients' quality of life.

Trigger factors in migraine patients / Fatores desencadeantes de enxaqueca

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a chronic neurological disease with several trigger factors, including dietary, hormonal and environmental factors. PURPOSE: To analyse precipitating factors in a sample of migraine patients. METHOD: Two hundred consecutive migraine patients were interviewed about possible trigger factors for migraine attacks. RESULTS: Most patients showed at least one dietary trigger, fasting was the most frequent one, followed by alcohol and chocolate. Hormonal factors appeared in 53 percent , being the pre-menstrual period the most frequent trigger. Physical activities caused migraine in 13 percent, sexual activities in 2.5 percent and 64 percent reported emotional stress a trigger factor. 81 percent related some sleep problem as a trigger factor. Regarding environmental factors, smells were reported by 36.5 percent. CONCLUSION: Trigger factors are frequent in migraine patients, its avoidance may decrease headache frequency and also improve patients' quality of life.

INTRODUÇÃO: A enxaqueca é uma doença neurológica crônica que apresenta diversos desencadeantes como fatores alimentares, hormonais e ambientais. OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores desencadeantes em uma amostra de pacientes com enxaqueca. MÉTODO: Duzentos pacientes com diagnóstico de enxaqueca foram questionados sobre fatores que pudessem desencadear suas crises. RESULTADOS: 83,5 por cento apresentaram algum fator alimentar, jejum foi o fator mais freqüente, seguido de álcool e chocolate. Dos fatores hormonais, o período pré-menstrual foi o mais freqüente. Atividade física causou enxaquecas em 13 por cento, atividade sexual em 2,5 por cento, estresse em 64 por cento e 81 por cento relataram o sono como fator desencadeante. Em relação aos fatores ambientais, odores foram desencadeantes em 36,5 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores desencadeantes são freqüentes em enxaqueca e a sua detecção deve ser pormenorizada para que se reduza a freqüência de crises e melhore a qualidade de vida do paciente.

5S rDNA characterization in twelve Sciaenidae fish species (Teleostei, Perciformes): depicting gene diversity and molecular markers

In order to extend the genetic data on the Sciaenidae fish family, the present study had the purpose to characterize PCR-generated 5S rDNA repeats of twelve species of this group through PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) analysis. The results showed the occurrence of at least two different 5S rDNA size classes in all the species. Moreover, 5S rDNA repeats of one of the studied species - Isopisthus parvipinnis - were cloned and subjected to nucleotide sequencing and Southern blot membrane hybridization analyses, which permitted to confirm the existence of two major 5S rDNA classes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of different 5S rDNA repeats of I. parvipinnis lead to their separation into two major clusters. These results may reflect the high dynamism that rules the evolution rate of 5S rDNA repeats. The obtained data suggest that 5S rDNA can be useful in genetic analyses to identify species-specific markers and determine relationships among species of the Sciaenidae group.