Depressive symptoms and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents / Sintomas depressivos e uso de álcool e maconha em adolescentes / Síntomas depresivos y uso de alcohol y marihuana en adolescentes

Risk behaviors are common in adolescence and demonstrates an association with depressive symptoms. Considering the psychological health implications of this phase in adult life, the aim of this study was to verify associations between depressive symptoms and consumption of alcohol and marijuana, self-injurious behavior, health self-perception, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 298 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years (61.1% girls), participated in the study. The measures were the translated Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (HBSC - BR) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The chi-square test, student's t test and binomial logistic regression (p<0.05) were used. Depressive symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms and self-injury. Higher risk for alcohol use and consumption, self-injury, negative health self-perception, anxiety and depression related to females. The findings of this population suggest worrying health outcomes, especially for girl. (AU)

Comportamentos de risco são comuns na adolescência e demonstram associação com sintomas depressivos. Considerando as implicações da saúde psicológica dessa fase na vida adulta, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar associações entre sintomas depressivos e consumo de álcool e maconha, comportamento autolesivo, autopercepção de saúde, satisfação com a vida, sintomas ansiosos e ideação suicida em adolescentes. Participaram 298 adolescentes, de 12 a 14 anos (61,1% meninas). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário traduzido Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC - BR) e o Inventário de Depressão Infantil (CDI). Utilizou-se os teste Qui-Quadrado, t de student e regressão logística binomial (p<0,05). Sintomas depressivos associaram-se com sintomas ansiosos e autolesão. Maior risco para uso e consumo de álcool, autolesão, autopercepção de saúde negativa, ansiedade e depressão em relação ao sexo feminino. Os achados desta população sugerem resultados preocupantes de saúde, sobretudo para o sexo feminino. (AU)

Las conductas de riesgo son comunes en la adolescencia y demuestran una asociación con síntomas depresivos. Considerando las implicaciones psicológicas para la salud de esta fase en la vida adulta, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar asociaciones entre síntomas depresivos y consumo de alcohol y marihuana, autolesión, autopercepción de salud, satisfacción con la vida, ansiedad e ideación suicida en adolescentes. Participaron 298 adolescentes de 12 a 14 años (61,1% niñas). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario traducido Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC - BR) y el Inventario de Depresión Infantil (CDI). Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado, t de Student y regresión logística binomial (p<0,05). Los síntomas depresivos se asociaron con síntomas de ansiedad y autolesiones. Mayor riesgo de uso y consumo de alcohol, autolesiones, autopercepción negativa de la salud, ansiedad y depresión en relación con el sexo femenino. Los hallazgos de esta población sugieren resultados de salud preocupantes, especialmente para las mujeres. (AU)

Comportamentos Autolesivos, Percepção de Suporte Familiar e Sintomas Ansiosos e Depressivos em Adolescentes Pernambucanos / Self-Injurious Behaviors, Family Support Perception and Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents from Pernambuco / Comportamientos Autolesivos, Percepción de Apoyo Familiar y Síntomas Ansiosos y Depresivos en Adolescentes de Pernambuco

Comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência se tornaram um problema de saúde pública mundial. Frequentemente, esses comportamentos compõem o quadro sintomático de doenças psiquiátricas, sendo conceitualizados como estratégias disfuncionais de regulação emocional. Diante disso, este estudo investiga a relação entre comportamentos autolesivos, percepção de suporte familiar e sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em adolescentes da rede estadual de ensino do Recife, assim como estima a prevalência do fenômeno (n=501). Também buscou-se estimar a prevalência do fenômeno e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Protocolo Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children, a Spence Children's Anxiety Scale e o Inventário de Depressão Infantil, todos adaptados ao português brasileiro. Foram realizadas análises da consistência interna, qui quadrado, teste t, correlação e descritivas. Os resultados apontaram prevalência de 31,3% para comportamentos autolesivos. Adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentaram 2,26 vezes mais chance de engajar na prática de comportamentos autolesivos. Verificou-se diferenças significativas entre participantes que se autolesionavam e aqueles que não se autolesionavam no tangente à percepção de sintomas depressivos, sintomas ansiosos e suporte familiar. Nossos achados enfatizam a importância dos vínculos familiares no combate aos comportamentos autolesivos. Assim, esperamos contribuir para a construção de estratégias preventivas contra comportamentos de risco, ansiedade e depressão.

Self-injurious behaviors in adolescence have become a public health problem worldwide. Often these behaviors are symptoms of psychiatric diseases, conceptualized as dysfunctional strategies of emotional regulation. Therefore, this study investigates the relation between self-injurious behaviors, family support perception and anxiety and depressive symptoms within adolescents from the state education network in Recife. It also estimates the prevalence of the phenomenon (n=501). Another goal was to estimate the prevalence of the phenomenon and its relation with sociodemographic variables. The instruments used were the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Protocol, the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the Children's Depression Inventory, all adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Internal consistency, chi-square, t-test, correlation and descriptive analyzes were performed. The results showed a prevalence of 31.3% for self-injurious behaviors, with female adolescents being 2.26 times more likely to engage in self-injurious behaviors. There were significant differences between participants who engaged in self-injurious behaviors and those who did not due to their perceptions of depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms and family support. Our findings emphasize the importance of family bonds in combating self-injurious behaviors. Thus, we hope to contribute to the creation of preventive strategies against risk behaviors, anxiety and depression.

Los comportamientos autolesivos en la adolescencia se han convertido en un problema de salud pública mundial. Estos comportamientos componen el cuadro sintomático de enfermedades psiquiátricas, siendo conceptualizados como estrategias disfuncionales de regulación emocional. Este estudio investiga la relación entre las conductas autolesivas, la percepción del apoyo familiar y los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión entre adolescentes de la red estatal de educación en Recife, además de estimar la prevalencia del fenómeno (n=501). También se buscó estimar la prevalencia del fenómeno y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el protocolo Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children, la Spence Children's Anxiety Scale y el Invetario de Depresión Infantil, todos adaptados al portugués brasileño. Se realizaron análisis de consistencia interna, chi cuadrado, prueba t, correlación y descriptivos. Los resultados apuntaron para la prevalencia de 31,3% para comportamientos autolesivos. Adolescentes del sexo femenino presentaron 2,26 veces más chances de involucrarse en la práctica de comportamientos autolesivos. Se verificaron diferencias significativas entre participantes que se autolesionaban y aquellos que no se autolesionaban frente a la percepción de síntomas depresivos, síntomas ansiosos y apoyo familiar. Esperamos contribuir con la construcción de estrategias preventivas contra conductas de riesgo, ansiedad y depresión.

COVID-19 and Lockdown, as Lived and Felt by University Students.

In the last 2 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the world, forcing the closure of universities, among other unusual measures in recent history. (1) Background: This work is based on the study HOUSE-ULisbon, a survey carried out during the second confinement (March-May 2021) in Portugal with the collaboration of all the Faculties of the University of Lisbon (UL). The present work aims to explore gender differences in how first-year college students experienced and felt COVID-19 and the second confinement. (2) Methods: A questionnaire was carried out. In total, 976 university students (19.66 years (SD = 4.033); Min = 17 and Max = 65) from the first year of the UL were included, of which 69.5% (n = 678) were female, and 30.5% were male (n = 298). SPSS v. 26 was used for quantitative data and MAXQDA 2020 for qualitative data. (3) Results: Overall, students reported various symptoms of physical and mental discomfort (especially females). Statistically significant differences were found in the problems that could arise from the pandemic, such as the prevalence of higher anxiety and worries by females, and online gaming by males. In coping strategies, differences were found in leisure and family relationships, with greater difficulty on the female side. Social interaction was perceived as difficult or very difficult by both genders. As strategies for future pandemics, they highlighted a concerted effort between the government and media in the transmission of messages to the population, facilitating information, knowledge and adoption of protective behaviors. (4) Conclusions: These results are important data for activating or maintaining resources and services for first-year university students, who in some university institutions were supported during the pandemic by psychological, material (e.g., computers, internet), and financial support measures, which are now diminished or extinct. The impacts on their lives will certainly not be extinguished post-pandemic, and health, education, and public policy measures should be prioritized for this group. These results are important data for activating resources and services for students, informing health and education professionals, and supporting public policies.

More than one year surfing the waves of covid-19: and now the vaccination / Mais de um ano a surfar as ondas da covid-19: e agora a vacinação / Más de un año surfeando las olas de covid-19: y ahora el vacunación

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) have the skills to contribute to the issues that affect them. This work present the opinions/experiences of Portuguese AYA, related to COVID-19, based on four multi-method studies with participants aged 16-24 years: (1st lockdown) 617 (M = 19.1 years, SD = 2.352); (Back to school) 304 (M = 18.4 years, SD = 2.12); (2nd lockdown) 592 (M = 19.01 years, SD = 2.32) and (Vaccination) 558 (M = 19.34 years, SD = 2.266). In general, results shown that AYA have a negative perspective, especially girls and university students. Most are well informed about the general aspects and trust in vaccination benefits. As conclusion, this study shows AYA competence to participate in the issues that affect them and their ability to propose strategies that may mitigate negative effects and promote a few positive ones

Adolescentes e jovens adultos (AJA) têm as competências necessárias para contribuir para as questões que os afectam. Este trabalho apresenta as opiniões/experiências dos AJA portugueses relacionadas com a COVID-19, com base em quatro estudos multi-método com participantes dos 16-24 anos: (1º confinamento) 617 (M = 19,1 anos, DP = 2,352); (Regresso à escola) 304 (M = 18,4 anos, DP = 2,12); (2º confinamento) 592 (M = 19,01 anos, DP = 2,32) e (Vacinação) 558 (M = 19,34 anos, DP = 2,266). No geral, os resultados mostram que os AJA têm uma perspectiva negativa, especialmente as raparigas e os estudantes universitários. Maioria está bem-informada sobre os aspectos gerais e confia nos benefícios da vacinação. Como conclusão, este estudo mostra a competência da AJA para participar nas questões que os afetam e a sua capacidade de propor estratégias que possam mitigar os efeitos negativos e promover alguns positivos

Los adolescentes y jóvenes adultos (AJA) tienen las habilidades necesarias para contribuir a los asuntos que les afectan. Este estudio presenta las opiniones/experiencias de los AJA portugueses, relacionadas con el COVID-19, en base a cuatro estudios multimétodo con participantes de 16 y 24 años: (1º confinamiento) 617 (M = 19,1 años, DT = 2,352); (Regreso a la escuela) 304 (M = 18,4 años, DT = 2,12); (2º confinamiento) 592 (M = 19,01 años, DT = 2,32) y (Vacunación) 558 (M = 19,34 años, DT = 2,266). En general, los resultados muestran que los AJA tienen una perspectiva negativa, especialmente las chicas y los estudiantes universitarios. La mayoría está bien informada sobre los aspectos general y confia en los beneficios de la vacunación. En conclusión, este estudio muestra la competencia de los AJA para participar en los asuntos que les afectan y su capacidad para proponer estrategias que puedan mitigar los efectos negativos y promover algunos positivos

Prevalence of Physical Activity among Adolescents from 105 Low, Middle, and High-income Countries.

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) is a beneficial health behaviour, however most adolescents worldwide are physically inactive. Updated information on the prevalence and trends of PA is important to inform national and international authorities and support countries' public health policies and actions. This study aimed to present the worldwide, regional, and national prevalence of PA participation according to its frequency in adolescents. METHODS: This study is based on cross-sectional surveys of adolescents' populations from several countries and all regions worldwide. The sample comprised 520,533 adolescents (251,788 boys; 268,745 girls), from 105 countries and regions. RESULTS: Most adolescents engaged in PA up to 3 days/week (57.1%; 95% CI: 56.9; 57.2). The prevalence of engaging in PA every day decreases over the age from 28.2% at age of 11-12 years (95% CI: 27.4; 29.0) to 21.2% at age of 16-17 years (95% CI: 20.3; 22.0) among boys; and from 19.4% (95% CI: 18.5; 20.2) to 11.1% (95% CI: 10.1; 12.0) among girls. For boys and girls who engaged in PA 5-6 days/week, the prevalence increases from countries with the lowest human development index to countries with the highest. Cambodia (7.3%, 95% CI: 3.8; 10.8), Philippines (7.7%, 95% CI: 5.6; 9.7), Sudan (8.8%, 95% CI: 4.7; 12.9), Timor-Leste (8.9%, 95% CI: 5.5; 12.3), and Afghanistan (10.1%, 95% CI: 6.1; 14.1) were the countries with the lowest prevalence of sufficient PA. CONCLUSIONS: National, regional, and worldwide data on the prevalence of physical activity in adolescents highlights the importance of improving the global levels of PA, especially in girls. Identifying the factors causing the age-related decrease in physical activity levels will permit public health entities to define priority actions and policies against physical inactivity.

Adolescents healthy lifestyle / Estilo de vida saudável dos adolescentes

Abstract Objective: Using a wide and representative sample of adolescents from 37 countries, this study aimed to analyze how age changes adolescents' healthy lifestyle. Methods: The study included 148,839 adolescents who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2010 survey. A composite score of a healthy lifestyle was created using the combination of daily physical activity, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, <2 h daily on screen-based behaviors, abstinence from alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco products. Healthy lifestyle measures were based on self-report. Results: 4.7% of boys and 4.4% of girls aged 11 years, 3% of boys and 2% of girls aged 13 years, and 1.5% of boys and 0.8% of girls aged 15 scored perfectly on the healthy lifestyle score. As age increased, the prevalence of adolescents with a healthy lifestyle decreased. In 37 countries and regions, the prevalence of healthy behaviors decreased linearly between early adolescence and the age of 15 years. Conclusions: In general, adolescents do not have a healthy lifestyle. Results from this study highlight that there is still much work to be done in promoting healthy lifestyles and to raise awareness among adolescents of the potential risk to their health status.

Resumo Objetivo Com o uso de uma amostra ampla e representativa de adolescentes de 37 países, analisar como a idade muda o estilo de vida saudável dos adolescentes. Métodos Participaram 148.839 adolescentes provenientes da pesquisa Health Behavior in School-aged Children, de 2010. Foi elaborado um escore composto de um estilo de vida saudável, com a combinação de atividade física diária, consumo diário de frutas e vegetais, menos de duas horas diárias de comportamento sedentário baseado em tempo de tela, abstinência de álcool e abstinência de produtos de tabaco. As medidas do estilo de vida saudável foram baseadas em autorrelato. Resultados Obtiveram um escore perfeito no estilo de vida saudável 4,7% dos meninos e 4,4% das meninas de 11 anos, 3% dos meninos e 2% das meninas de 13 anos e 1,5% dos meninos e 0,8% das meninas de 15 anos. Com o aumento da idade, a prevalência de adolescentes com estilo de vida saudável diminuiu. Em 37 países e regiões, a prevalência de comportamentos saudáveis diminuiu linearmente entre o início da adolescência e os 15 anos. Conclusões Em geral, os adolescentes não têm um estilo de vida saudável. Os resultados deste estudo destacam que ainda há muito trabalho a ser feito na promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis e na conscientização dos adolescentes sobre os riscos potenciais para o seu estado de saúde.

Adolescents' healthy lifestyle.

OBJECTIVE: Using a wide and representative sample of adolescents from 37 countries, this study aimed to analyze how age changes adolescents' healthy lifestyle. METHODS: The study included 148,839 adolescents who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2010 survey. A composite score of a healthy lifestyle was created using the combination of daily physical activity, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, <2h daily on screen-based behaviors, abstinence from alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco products. Healthy lifestyle measures were based on self-report. RESULTS: 4.7% of boys and 4.4% of girls aged 11 years, 3% of boys and 2% of girls aged 13 years, and 1.5% of boys and 0.8% of girls aged 15 scored perfectly on the healthy lifestyle score. As age increased, the prevalence of adolescents with a healthy lifestyle decreased. In 37 countries and regions, the prevalence of healthy behaviors decreased linearly between early adolescence and the age of 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: In general, adolescents do not have a healthy lifestyle. Results from this study highlight that there is still much work to be done in promoting healthy lifestyles and to raise awareness among adolescents of the potential risk to their health status.

Healthy Lifestyle in Children and Adolescents and Its Association with Subjective Health Complaints: Findings from 37 Countries and Regions from the HBSC Study.

BACKGROUND: It is important to clearly understand the factors associated with subjective health complaints. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between subjective health complaints, several health behaviors, and a composite measure of healthy lifestyle. METHODS: Data were from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2014 international database. Participants were 167,021 children and adolescents, aged 10-16 years, from 37 countries and regions. A composite score of healthy lifestyle was created using a combination of daily physical activity, daily consumption of fruit and vegetables, <2 hours spent daily in screen-based behaviors, no drinking, and no smoking. The subjective health complaints assessed were headaches, stomach aches, backache, dizziness, feeling low, irritability, nervousness, and sleep difficulties. RESULTS: Those who engage in physical activity every day, spend less than two hours a day in screen-based behaviors, do not drink alcohol, and do not smoke tobacco presented a higher likelihood of not having subjective health complaints. A healthy lifestyle was significantly related to having less of all the subjective health complaints. Those with a healthy lifestyle were 50% (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.5-0.6, p < 0.001) less likely to have multiple health complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy behaviors and healthy lifestyles are related with less subjective health complaints and less multiple health complaints.

School Performance Paths: Personal and Contextual Factors Related to Top Performers and Low Achievers in Portugal and Spain.

School performance is a critical aspect of adolescents' lives. Several factors have an impact on school performance. The aim of this study is to analyze the relevant personal and contextual variables associated with top performance and low achievement in a sample of Portuguese and Spanish adolescent students. The sample included 1,564 adolescents, mean age 14 years old, and was collected from the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey. The questions in this study covered sociodemographic, health and wellbeing, health-related behaviors, family, school and peers. Results show that students with low performance more frequently have worse social-contextual and personal/health-related indicators, while the opposite is the case for top performers. Student-teacher relationships appeared as the most influential variable on school performance paths, χ2(2) = 328.11, p < .001; but other variables within families, e.g. mother studies, χ2(2) = 50.54, p < .001, and schools, e.g. liking the school, χ2(1) = 16.27, p < .001 and χ2(1) = 22.54, p < .01 (in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches of the decision tree, respectively), as well as some health and wellbeing variables, e.g. health related-quality of life, χ2(2) = 53.58, p < .001, and χ2(2) = 63.86, < .001 (in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches, respectively), appeared significant in the paths.

Adolescents' eating behaviors and its relationship with family meals, body mass index and body weight perception.

INTRODUCTION: healthy diet is important because it affects wellbeing and health, and can reduce the risk of developing diseases or illnesses. OBJECTIVES: this study aimed to analyze the relationship of eating behaviors with family meals, body mass index and body weight perception on adolescents. METHODS: data from 3,693 (1,723 boys) adolescents aged 14-17 years were collected. Adolescents were classified as realistic positive, realistic negative, overestimators, and underestimators, according to their eating habits and eating practices. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: having breakfast with family several times a week (OR = 1.42, p < 0.001) or everyday (OR = 1.64, p < 0.001), and having normal weight (OR = 1.74, p < 0.001) were associated with being realistic positive. On the contrary, realistic negatives were less likely to have breakfast with family several times a week (OR = 0.57, p < 0.001) or everyday (OR = 0.48, p < 0.001), and have normal weight (OR = 0.40, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: adolescents' eating behaviors are related to family meals, and body weight perception. Eating breakfast with family and having normal weight are positive factors in adolescents' awareness of good eating behaviors.

The association between physical activity and chronic diseases in European adults.

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and are considered to be at epidemic levels worldwide. This is a cross-sectional multi-country study based on data from the European Social Survey round 7, 2014, comprising 30,826 participants (14,813 men) with mean age 50.4 ± 18.0. Physical activity and chronic diseases were self-reported. Men and women who practiced physical activity more often had lower odds of having heart problems, breathing problems, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Engaged in physical activity 2-4 times/week and ≥5 times/week decrease the odds of having heart problems, high blood pressure, breathing problems, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, compared with men and women who engaged in physical activity 1 or less times per week. For the women, the practice of physical activity ≥5 times/week was significantly and negatively associated with having cancer, when compared with women who engaged in physical activity 1 or less times per week. Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, in particular: heart problems, high blood pressure, breathing problems, allergies, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Furthermore, even small amounts of weekly physical activity seem to decrease the risk of chronic diseases.

Life satisfaction in adolescents: the role of individual and social health assets

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between adolescents' life satisfaction and individual and social health assets. A nationally representative sample of 3,494 Portuguese adolescents (mean age = 14.94 ± 1.30 years; 53.6% girls) completed the Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey measuring a variety of health behaviors and beliefs. A sequential regression analysis was conducted with gender, individual assets (academic achievement, social competence, self-regulation and life objectives) and social assets (family support, peer support, parental monitoring and school connectedness) entered in separate steps. A second regression analysis was conducted with social assets entered before individual assets. The final model explained 18.3% of life satisfaction. School connectedness (β = .198, p < .001) and family support (β = .154, p < .001) were the strongest predictors of adolescents' life satisfaction followed by social competence (β = .152, p < .001), academic achievement (β = .116, p < .001) and self-regulation (β = .064, p < .001). Social assets explained a larger variance of life satisfaction than individual assets when entered first in the regression (r2 = .134 and r2 = .119, respectively, p < .001). When entered last step in the regression analysis, social assets added more to life satisfaction's variance than when individual assets were added in the last step (r2 = .060 and r2 = .045, respectively, p < .001). These results reinforce the role social interaction and social capital models in the promotion of well-being

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School performance paths: personal and contextual factors related to top performers and low achievers in Portugal and Spain

School performance is a critical aspect of adolescents' lives. Several factors have an impact on school performance. The aim of this study is to analyze the relevant personal and contextual variables associated with top performance and low achievement in a sample of Portuguese and Spanish adolescent students. The sample included 1,564 adolescents, mean age 14 years old, and was collected from the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey. The questions in this study covered sociodemographic, health and wellbeing, health-related behaviors, family, school and peers. Results show that students with low performance more frequently have worse social-contextual and personal/health-related indicators, while the opposite is the case for top performers. Student-teacher relationships appeared as the most influential variable on school performance paths, χ2(2) = 328.11, p < .001; but other variables within families, e.g. mother studies, χ2(2) = 50.54, p < .001, and schools, e.g. liking the school, χ2(1) = 16.27, p < .001 and χ2(1) = 22.54, p < .01 (in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches of the decision tree, respectively), as well as some health and wellbeing variables, e.g. health related-quality of life, χ2(2) = 53.58, p < .001, and χ2(2) = 63.86, < .001 (in the low and high student-teacher relationship branches, respectively), appeared significant in the paths

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A escola portuguesa pelos olhos dos adolescentes / The Portuguese School Through the Eyes of Adolescents / La Escuela Portuguesa por los Ojos de los Adolescentes

Os jovens que referem gostar da escola apresentam mais comportamentos positivos associados, nomeadamente melhor desempenho académico e mais bem-estar. O presente estudo tem como objetivos:1) compreender a relação existente entre o gosto pela escola e capacidade académica, e; 2)o que os jovens gostariam de mudar nas suas escolas; 3) verificar as variáveis que poderão predizer o gosto pela escola e a capacidade académica percebida; 4) analisar as variáveis relacionadas com a escola nomeadamente a pressão com os trabalhos da escola, problemas com a escola, relação com os colegas da escola e com os professores. Participaram 6026 alunos do 6º 8º e 10º ano de escolaridade que integraram o estudo Health Behaviour in School ­ Aged children (HBSC) em 2014. Os jovens que referem gostar muito da escola são os que não mudariam nada na sua escola e são os que têm mais confiança nos professores. Os alunos referem que as matérias são demasiado extensas, aborrecidas e mesmo inúteis salientando alguns a pressão dos pais para o sucesso escolar. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de rever as políticas públicas existentes no ensino português sendo crucial intervir nas escolas, junto das famílias, professores e jovens.

Young people who reported to like school have more positive behaviors associated, including better academic performance and more well-being. This study aims to understand 1) the relationship between liking school and academic ability 2) what young people would like to change in their schools, 3) check the variables that may predict liking school and perceived academic ability 4) analyze the variables related to the school including pressure with school work, problems about school, relationship with classmates and teachers. 6026 students from 6th, 8th and 10th grades that integrated the study Health Behaviour in School - Aged children (HBSC) in 2014 participated. Young people that reported to like school very much are those who would not change anything in their school and are the ones who have more trust in teachers. Students report that school subjects are too extensive, too boring and even useless and referred some negative parental overpressure regarding school success. The results suggest the need to review existing policies in Portuguese education system pointing out that it is crucial to intervene in schools, with families, teachers and young people.

Los jóvenes que reportaron que les gusta el colegio tienen comportamientos más positivos asociados, incluyendo un mejor rendimiento académico y un mayor bienestar. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender: 1) la relación entre el gusto por la escuela y la capacidad académica; 2) que les gustaría cambiar en sus escuelas; 3) determinar las variables que pueden predecir el gusto por la escuela y la capacidad académica percibida; 4) analizar las variables relacionadas con la escuela, incluyendo la presión con el trabajo escolar, problemas en la escuela, las relaciones con los compañeros y profesores. Participado 6026 alumnos de 6º, 8º y 10º grado que integraron el estudio Health Behaviour in School ­ Aged children (HBSC) em 2014. Los jóvenes que le gustan la escuela son aquellos que no cambiarían nada en su escuela y son aquellos que presentan más confianza en los maestros. Los estudiantes reportan que los materiales son demasiado grandes, aburrido e incluso inútil, algunos subrayan la presión de los padres para el éxito escolar. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de rever as políticas públicas existentes no ensino português sendo crucial intervir nas escolas, junto das famílias, professores e jovens. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de revisar las políticas públicas existentes en la enseñanza de portugués siendo crucial intervenir en las escuelas, junto a las familias, los maestros y los jóvenes.

Social Support from Developmental Contexts and Adolescent Substance Use and Well-Being: A Comparative Study of Spain and Portugal.

The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of social support from family, friend and school (teacher and classmate) contexts in substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) and well-being (life satisfaction and health-related quality of life). Participants were 5,784 Portuguese and 22,610 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, from the 2014 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain. Results showed that for a higher life satisfaction, family (p < .001, partial η2 = .032), teacher (p < .001, partial η2 = .018) and classmate (p < .001, partial η2 = .031) support were important in Portugal, and family (p < .001, partial η2 = .056) and friend (p < .001, partial η2 = .015) support in Spain. Similarly, for a better health-related quality of life, all the social support variables were relevant in Portugal (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .063; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .032; classmate: p < .001, partial η2 = .054; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .034) and in Spain (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .054; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .014; classmate: p < .001, partial η2 = .018; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .040). In contrast, only family support (p < .001, partial η2 = .014) was relevant in Portugal for tobacco use. Therefore, social support was more relevant for adolescent well-being than for adolescent substance use, and the most relevant source of support was family support, in both Spain and Portugal.

Associations between physical activity and self-rated wellbeing in European adults: A population-based, cross-sectional study.

Although self-rated wellbeing is an indicator of health status, it has been receiving little attention; its relationship with physical activity among adults remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and several dimensions of self-rated wellbeing in European adults. This cross-sectional study was based on data from the European Social Survey round 6, 2012, comprising 40,600 European adults (18,418 men, 22,186 women) from 27 countries, with mean age 42.1±13.3. Meeting physical activity guidelines was assessed using World Health Organization criteria. Six dimensions of the self-rated wellbeing were assessed (evaluative wellbeing, emotional wellbeing, functioning, vitality, community wellbeing, supportive wellbeing). Men and women who attained physical activity recommended levels had better evaluative wellbeing (men, p=0.009; women, p<0.001), emotional wellbeing (men, p<0.001; women, p<0.001), functioning (men, p<0.001; women, p<0.001), vitality (men, p<0.001; women, p<0.001), supportive relationships (men, p<0.001; women, p<0.001), and wellbeing total score (men, p<0.001; women, p<0.001). Physical activity frequency was linearly associated with self-rated wellbeing in the 6 dimensions as well as the wellbeing total score (p<0.001). Attaining recommended physical activity levels is related to better self-rated wellbeing, and more frequent physical activity is linearly associated with better self-rated wellbeing in its 6 dimensions.

Contextual factors related to chronic condition in portuguese adolescents: highlights from the HBSC/WHO study

Abstract Adolescence's changes may become more pronounced when living with a chronic condition (CC). This study aims to examined the differences in satisfaction with family life, perception of school competence and "pressure with homework" of Portuguese adolescents' 1) living with CC; 2) how living with CC affects school participation; taking into account age, gender and family socioeconomic status (SES). Five thousand fifty Portuguese adolescents (mean age 14 ± 1.85) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC/WHO) were included. Results showed increased vulnerability in adolescents living with CC, presenting a lower satisfaction with family life and poor school outcomes. Younger boys, having a higher SES and not having CC are significantly associated with satisfaction with family life. Older girls, having a lower SES and living with CC were associated with more stress related to school work. Future interventions should include these featurescombined with 'listening' to adolescents and their needs, allowing their participation in the promotion of personal health. (AU)

Estratégias de auto-regulação em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes: versão portuguesa do TESQ-E / Self-regulatory strategies in pre-adolescents and adolescents: portuguese version of TESQ-E

ResumoA auto-regulação tem um papel fundamental no comportamento alimentar em crianças e adolescentes face às "tentações" do ambiente. O Tempest Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Eating (TESQ-E; www.tempestproject.eu) é um instrumento de medida da auto-regulação transcultural que foi construído, traduzido e adaptado em nove países europeus, no âmbito do Projeto TEMPEST. Este artigo tem como objetivo o estudo da validação da versão Portuguesa do instrumento. Participaram da amostra 1200 pré-adolescentes e adolescentes Portugueses, com média de idades de 12,5 anos (DP=1,61), entre os nove e os 17 anos de idade, 48,3% rapazes, de diferentes níveis de escolaridade 5º ano (16,8%), 6º ano (19,8%), 7º ano (30,8%), 8º ano (17,8%) e 9º ano (14,9%). A versão portuguesa do instrumento demonstrou boas propriedades métricas, e confirmou a estrutura factorial da versão original: três dimensões, que incluem seis estratégias de auto-regulação, duas em cada dimensão. A dimensão mais popular foi a Manutenção de objectivos de alimentação saudável, e a menos popular, Mudança do sentido atribuído às tentações. Conclui-se que o TESQ-E é um instrumento confiável para estimar as estratégias de auto-regulação em crianças e adolescentes. Orientações psicométricas são apresentadas para a população portuguesa entre os nove e os 17 anos.

AbstractSelf-regulation plays a key role in the eating behavior of children and adolescents, while facing the environment "temptations". The Tempest Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TESQ-E; www.tempestproject.eu) is an instrument for measuring cross-cultural self-regulation. It has been constructed, adapted and translated into nine European Countries within the TEMPEST project. This article aims to study the validation of the Portuguese version of the instrument. The sample includes 1200 Portuguese pre-adolescents and adolescents, of average age 12.5 years (SD = 1.61) between nine and 17 years of age, 48.3% boys, from different educational grades: 5th grade (16.8%), 6th grade (19.8%), 7th grade (30.8%), 8th grade (17.8%) and 9th grade (14.9%). The Portuguese version of the instrument demonstrated good psychometric properties and kept the factor structure of the original version: three dimensions, which include six strategies for self -regulation, two in each dimension. The most popular dimension was Maintaining healthy eating objectives, and the less popular Change the meaning of temptation. The study concluded that the TESQ-E is a reliable instrument to estimate the self-regulation strategies in children and adolescents. Psychometric guidelines are presented to the Portuguese population aged nine to 17 years old.

Trend in injury-related mortality and morbidity among adolescents across 30 countries from 2002 to 2010.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to examine temporal trends in injury mortality and morbidity across 30 countries in Europe and North America, and the impact of regional geography and adolescent risk behaviours (including substance use and physical fighting) on such trends. METHOD: s: Data were obtained for 30 countries in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Mortality data were obtained from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health for all database. Trends over time were described by WHO Regions using standardized rates comparisons and Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS: Injury-related mortality, but not morbidity, declined over time across all countries (from 10 to 8 deaths per 100 000 between 2001 and 2010), with notable differences observed by Regions (e.g. from 48 to 39 deaths in Russia). Risk behaviours included in the models were consistently and significantly associated with injury morbidity, with substance increasing the risk for injury by 1.15 to 1.36 among girls, and physical fighting increasing the risk by 1.21 to 1.31 among boys across WHO Regions. Risk behaviours did not explain the observed temporal trends. CONCLUSIONS: Injury mortality and morbidity represent different health phenomena. Efforts that have been made to make societies safer for children have seemed to be successful in reducing injury morbidity.

Satisfação com a vida e com a família e violência interpessoal na adolescência / Life and family satisfaction and interpersonal violence in adolescence

O presente estudo analisou a violência interpessoal entre adolescentes (bullying) e sua associação com a satisfação com a vida e com a vida em família. O trabalho foi baseado na quarta série do inquérito Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, que inclui 4.954 adolescentes portugueses, sendo 47,6% rapazes, do 6º, 8º e 10º anos de escolaridade (M = 13,95 anos, DP = 1,76). Os adolescentes responderam a quatro escalas sobre satisfação com a vida, com a família, sofrer e praticar bullying. Foi realizada estatística descritiva, correlacional, comparativa e inferencial, e os resultados mostraram uma correlação significativa e positiva entre sofrer bullying e protagonizar essa agressividade, e como esses comportamentos violentos se correlacionaram negativamente com a satisfação com a vida e com a família. Equações de regressão múltipla indicaram que a satisfação com a vida e com a família pode proteger os adolescentes de se envolverem nesse tipo de violência interpessoal (bullying). Diferenças de gênero sobre os construtos estudados confirmaram estudos anteriores, e os resultados permitem reflexão acerca da dinâmica de risco e proteção que permeia as relações interpessoais dos adolescentes, assim como sua interação com as características da fase da adolescência(AU)

This study examined interpersonal violence among adolescents (bullying) and its association with life and family life satisfaction. The work was based on the fourth series of the survey entitled 'Health Behavior in School-aged Children', which includes 4954 Portuguese adolescents, being 47.6% boys, from the 6th, 8th, and 10th grades (mean age = 13.95 years old, SD = 1.76). The adolescents answered to four scales about life satisfaction, family satisfaction, bullying as aggressors, and bullying as victims. A descriptive, correlational, comparative, and inferential statistical analysis was performed, and the results show a significant and positive correlation between being bullied and being the aggressor of bullying, as well as how these violent behaviors were negatively correlated with life and family satisfaction. Multiple regression equations indicated that satisfaction with life and with family can protect adolescents from engaging in this type of interpersonal violence. Gender differences on the studied constructs confirm previous research, and the results allow for reflection on the dynamics of risk and protection that permeates the adolescents' interpersonal relations, as well as the interaction of these aspects with the characteristics of adolescence(AU)