Examining the mediating role of muscle quantity in adolescents: associations with adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediation role of muscle quantity in the relationship between physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in adolescents. This cross-sectional study conducted with 120 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 10 and 17 years. Body mass, height, fat mass (FM), lean mass, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and 1 repetition maximum strength (1-RM) with evaluation of the leg press 45° (RM-leg), bench press (RM-bench) and arm curl (RM-arm). Body mass index z-score, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, lean mass index (LMI), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), age at peak height velocity, and CMRF z-score were calculated. The direct relation between FM and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (26%) and inverse relation between CRF and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (26%). For girls, the direct relation between FM and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (32%); the inverse relation between CRF, RM-leg, RM-arm and CMRF was mediated by the LMI (32%, 33%, and 32%, respective). For boys, the indirect effect was not significant, indicating that LMI is not a mediator in the relation between FM, CRF, 1-RM with CMRF. The direct relation between RM-leg and CMRF was mediated by the MRF (16%). This finding evidenced the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle to improve physical fitness levels and the quantity of muscle mass in adolescents.

Relationship between abdominal and neck fat with sleep disorders in obese patients / Relação entre gordura abdominal e do pescoço com distúrbios do sono em pacientes obesas

Abstract Introduction Obesity is one of the main public health problem worldwide and it has a negative short- and long-term relationship with women's health. Assessment of this disorder is essential, as is a body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with the new region of interest as the neck. Objective To verify the association between abdominal and neck fat with sleep quality in obese women. Methods The sample, obtained from a Biomedical Engineering and Health Program database, was characterized by being obese female aged between 20 and 65 years. The tests performed were anthropometric assessment, sleep quality questionnaire, physical activity level, nutritional assessment, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test, t test for independent samples, Kendall's Tau, linear and multiple regression and ROC curve were used. Results The sample consisted of 15 individuals with a mean age of 45 ± 11.10 years, neck circumference of 41.50 ± 2.61 and abdominal circumference of 128.20 ± 11.62. We found no correlation between the regions of interest and the sleep quality questionnaire. Regression analysis shows non-significant statistical values for abdominal fat. The statistical test proved that the new region of interest in abdominal fat is closer to better sensitivity and has a greater relationship with sleep quality. Conclusion there was no statistically significant correlation between the regions of interest and the sleep quality questionnaire. However, the abdominal fat region of interest was the point that presented the best association with sleep quality assessed by the Pittsburgh questionnaire.

Resumo Introdução A obesidade é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo e tem uma relação negativa de curto e longo prazo com a saúde da mulher. A avaliação desse distúrbio é essencial, assim como a composição corporal avaliada por absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DXA), com a nova região de interesse como o pescoço. Objetivo Verificar a associação da gordura abdominal e cervical com a qualidade de sono em mulheres obesas. Métodos A amostra, obtida de um banco de dados do Programa de Engenharia Biomédica e Saúde, caracterizou-se por mulheres obesas com idade entre 20 e 65 anos. Os testes realizados foram avaliação antropométrica, questionário de qualidade do sono, nível de atividade física, avaliação nutricional e composição corporal por dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Para análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste de Shapiro-Wilk, teste t para amostras independentes, Tau de Kendall, regressão linear e múltipla, e curva ROC. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 15 indivíduos com idade média de 45 ± 11,10 anos, circunferência do pescoço de 41,50 ± 2,61 e circunferência abdominal de 128,20 ± 11,62. Não encontrou-se correlação entre as regiões de interesse e o questionário de qualidade do sono. A análise de regressão mostrou valores estatísticos não significativos para a gordura abdominal. O teste estatístico comprovou que a nova região de interesse na gordura abdominal está mais próxima de melhor sensibilidade e tem maior relação com a qualidade do sono. Conclusão Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre as regiões de interesse e o questionário de qualidade do sono. A região de gordura abdominal de interesse, no entanto, foi o ponto que apresentou melhor associação com a qualidade do sono avaliada pelo questionário de Pittsburgh.

Relationship between postural changes, osteoarthritis and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between postural changes, osteoarthritis (OA) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 127 Brazilian women, aged 45 years or older, were included in this retrospective study. Subjects were divided in two groups: study group with postural changes (SG) and control group without postural changes (CG). Possible postural changes considered were scoliosis, kyphosis and lordosis. All women underwent BMD assessment and OA was identified at the region of the hip and lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis. RESULTS: SG was older (66.0 ± 7.3 years) than the CG (61.0 ± 8.6 years). In the entire sample we found thirteen women with OA and low BMD. Overall, the lumbar spine area was more affected by OA than the hip. The value of BMD T-score accounted for up to 77% of the changes observed in the SG group. CONCLUSION: Postural changes identified in women are directly related to aging and associated with bone loss and joint degeneration. Postural changes may be the primary sign of frailty as a result of body adaptation to pain related to musculoskeletal diseases.

Lean mass and strength profile of women submitted to bariatric surgery: comparison of the EWGSOP2 and FNIH classification for sarcopenia - ASBS program phase II.

Aim: To assess the effect of bariatric surgery on the lean mass of women after one year of the procedure, comparing its outcomes upon the classification from both the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in the Elderly People (EWGSOP). Material and methods: Twenty-eight obese women aged 40.5 ± 9.8 yrs who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were included. 27 of them were reassessed after 6 months of surgery, and 16 completed the one-year follow-up. Pre-sarcopenia condition was assessed through a handgrip strength test and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total body mass, body mass index, and lean mass (LM) were collected prior to, 6 and 12 months after RYGB surgery. Results: All subjects reassessed after 12 months were diagnosed with pre-sarcopenia according to the FNIH classification criteria, while according to the EWGSOP2 Consensus they presented normal values. LM represented 14% of the influence on handgrip strength (p = .049) after 6 months of surgery; however, its influence on strength after 12 months increased to 30% (p = .028). Conclusion: The FNIH classification is the most effective criteria since it uses LM content as the first test, considering that strength capacity needs more time to be affected by the surgical procedure. On the other hand, the EWGSOP2 classification should not be applied to determine the loss of LM in younger populations regardless of what may have caused such changes.

Effects of anthropometric parameters on bone mineral density in women: from perimenopause to old age.

AIM: To analyze the influence of body components on bone mineral density (BMD) in women from perimenopause to old age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 117 women were allocated into three groups according to the reproductive stage (STRAW): perimenopausal (PEM, N = 28, mean age 44.8 ± 3.6), early postmenopausal (EPM, N = 36, mean age 51.4 ± 2.8) and late postmenopausal (LPM, N = 53; mean age 64.0 ± 1.7). Total body mass, body mass index (BMI), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), fat percentage (FP) and BMD at the lumbar spine (lBMD) and femoral neck (fBMD) were assessed. RESULTS: BMI, FM, LM and BMD values decreased from PEM to LPM. The total effect of FM on fBMD and lBMD was of 42% and 8% for PEM, 28% and 33% for EMP and 9% and 1% for LPM respectively. Additionally, the total effect of LM on fBMD and lBMD was 48% and 3% for PEM, 54% and 53% for EMP and 9% and 11% for LPM women respectively. CONCLUSION: BMI, LM, and FM decreased with aging. All these components had great influence on both fBMD and lBMD in EMP women. Conversely, in PEM these parameters only had influence on femoral BMD, but not on lumbar spine. These data suggests that LM is the most important component in BMD for women older than 50 years old, particularly in the hip.

Changes in bone mass and body composition after bariatric surgery.

Aim: To analyze the effects of body weight loss on bone mineral density (BMD) on hip (Hip BMD) and lumbar spine (Lumbar BMD) after six months of bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Nonetheless, there are scant data on the effect of weight bearing on bone structure.Material and methods: Seventeen obese women aged 41.2 ± 11.3 yrs. who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were included. Body composition assessments were performed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry immediately before and after 6-months RYGB. Data collected pre- and post-RYGB included total body weight, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and bone mineral content. The pre- (PRE) and post-operative (POST) results were compared.Results: Lumbar BMD POST presented a non-significant loss of 1.8% whereas Hip BMD POST showed a significant loss of 17.8%. The analysis demonstrated that BMI and LM PRE explained 26% and 49%, respectively, of Hip BMD PRE variability. In addition, LM POST explained 30% of hip BMD POST variability and was not significant for Lumbar BMD POST.Conclusions: Obesity and rapid weight loss showed direct influence in Hip BMD after six months of bariatric surgery. However, its effect on the lumbar spine area was smaller due to the higher capacity of the spine to dissipate loads through its curvature.

Association of actn3 r577x and ace i/d polymorphisms in brazilians wrestlers / Associação dos polimorfismos actn3 r577x e ace i/d em lutadores brasileiros / Asociación de los polimorfismos actn3 r577x y ace i/d en luchadores brasileños

ABSTRACT Introduction: By associating genetics and sport, it is possible to identify subjects with greater capacity to adapt to training, and lower chances of injury. Objective: The investigation evaluated the genotypic and allelic distribution of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms in Brazilian high-performance athletes in wrestling and percussion combat sports. Methods: The study included 37 male athletes ranked from first to third place in world scenarios, divided into two groups: wrestling (23 wrestlers, being 11 of Judo, 4 of Greco-Roman style, 8 of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, with mean age of 27.3 ± 6.9 years) and percussion combat sports (14 athletes with a mean age of 25.7±4.4 years, being 6 of Karate, 3 of Muay Thai, 4 of Taekwondo, 1 Boxing). Genotyping of ACTN3 and ACE I/D polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the genomic DNA. Genotypic and allelic distributions were compared with control populations and athletes by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test; all analyzes considered p ≤ 0.05. Results: The genotypic distributions and allelic frequencies of ACTN3 RR=46%, RX=38% and XX=16%; R=65% and X=35%, and ACE I/D DD=47.7%, ID=34.3% and II=20%; D=62.9% and I=37.1% did not differ from the control population; however, when compared with wrestling athletes a significant difference was observed. Conclusion: These results suggest an association of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D genes with Brazilian high-performance wrestling athletes.

RESUMO Introdução: Ao associar genética e esporte, existe a possibilidade de identificar sujeitos com maior capacidade de adaptação ao treinamento com menores chances de lesões. Objetivo: A investigação avaliou a distribuição genotípica e alélica dos polimorfismos ACTN3 R577X e ACE I/D em lutadores de domínio e percussão de alto rendimento brasileiros. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 37 atletas do sexo masculino, colocados de primeiro a terceiro lugar nos cenários mundiais, divididos em dois grupos: domínio (23 lutadores sendo 11 de judô, 4 de luta greco-romana, 8 de jiu-jitsu brasileiro; a média de idade foi 27,3 ± 6,9 anos) e percussão (14 atletas com média de idade de 25,7 ± 4,4 anos sendo 6 de caratê, 3 de muay thai, 4 de taekwondo, 1 de boxe). A genotipagem dos polimorfismos do ACTN3 e ACE I/D foi realizada por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) a partir do DNA genômico. As distribuições genotípicas e alélicas foram comparadas com populações controle e de atletas pelos testes do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher; todas as análises consideraram p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: As distribuições genotípicas e frequências alélicas do ACTN3 RR=46%, RX=38% e XX=16%; R=65% e X=35% e ACE I/D DD=47,7%, ID=34,3% e II=20%; D=62,9% e I=37,1% não diferiram da população controle, porém, quando comparadas com atletas de luta, constatou-se diferença significativa. Conclusão: Esses resultados sugerem uma associação dos genes ACTN3 R577X e ACE I/D aos lutadores de domínio de alto rendimento brasileiros.

RESUMEN Introducción: Al asociar genética y deporte, existe la posibilidad de identificar sujetos con mayor capacidad de adaptación a los entrenamientos con menores posibilidades de lesión. Objetivo: La investigación evaluó la distribución genotípica y alélica de los polimorfismos ACTN3 R577X y ACE I/D en luchadores brasileños de alto rendimiento de técnicas de agarre y golpeo. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 37 atletas del sexo masculino, colocados de primer a tercer lugar en escenarios mundiales, divididos en dos grupos: agarre (23 luchadores, siendo 11 de judo, 4 de lucha grecorromana y 8 de jiu-jitsu; el promedio de edad fue de 27,3 ± 6,9 años) y golpeo (14 atletas con promedio de edad de 25,7 ± 4,4 años, siendo 6 de karate, 3 de muay-thai, 4 de taekwondo y 1 de boxeo). El genotipado de los polimorfismos de ACTN3 y ACE I/D se llevó a cabo por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) a partir de ADN genómico. Las distribuciones genotípicas y alélicas fueron comparadas con poblaciones control y atletas por las pruebas del chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher; todos los análisis consideraron p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Las distribuciones de los genotipos y frecuencias alélicas de ACTN3 RR=46%, RX=38% y XX=16%; R=65% y X=35% y ACE I/D DD=47,7%, ID=34,3% e II=20%; D=62,9% e I=37,1% no difirieron de la población control, sin embargo, cuando comparadas con los atletas de lucha, se constató diferencia significativa. Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren una asociación de los genes ACTN3 R577X y ACE I/D a los luchadores brasileños de alto rendimiento de técnicas de agarre.

Analysis of total calorie, calcium and protein intake and relationship with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women / Análise da ingestão de calorias totais, cálcio e proteínas e sua relação na densidade mineral óssea em mulheres pós-menopáusicas

Abstract Introduction: the adequate intake of nutrients involved in bone metabolism can prevent and even reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Objective: verify the intake of total calories, protein and calcium in women diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis after menopause. Method: a study of 25 women diagnosed with osteopenia (n=17) or osteoporosis (n=8) in the postmenopausal period, who were members of the Prática de Exercícios Físicos na Osteoporose (Practice of Physical Exercise Against Osteoporosis) (PEFO) study group of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (the Federal Technology University of Paraná) (UTFPR). The study was divided into two data collection phases: assessment of body composition and bone mineral density by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and the recording of food consumption over the previous 72 hours by means of a structured interview. Results: there was a difference between the reference values and the average values found for caloric, protein and calcium intake. There were higher values for protein, while calcium intake was low. The osteoporosis group (mean 59.24+80.07, p<0.05) ingested significantly more protein than the osteopenia group (mean 15.14+16.53, p<0.05). The results showed a significant negative correlation between protein intake and hip BMD (r=-0.416, p<0.05). Conclusion: adequate intake of protein should be recognized as a protective factor for osteoporosis and considered by nutritionists, as well as being widely featured in public health campaigns. au

Resumo Introdução: o consumo adequado de nutrientes envolvidos no metabolismo ósseo pode prevenir e até reduzir o risco do surgimento da osteoporose. Objetivo: verificar a ingestão de calorias totais, proteínas e cálcio em mulheres diagnosticadas com osteopenia e osteoporose após a menopausa. Método: realizou-se um estudo com 25 mulheres diagnosticadas com osteopenia (n=17) ou osteoporose (n=8) no período pós-menopausa, participantes do grupo de estudos de Prática de Exercícios Físicos na Osteoporose (PEFO) da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR). O estudo foi dividido em duas fases para coleta dos dados: avaliação da composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea por Absortometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DXA) e preenchimento de recordatórios de consumo alimentar das últimas 72 horas por meio de entrevista estruturada. Resultados: Os dados emergidos demonstram diferença entre os valores de referência e os valores médios encontrados na ingestão calórica, proteica e de cálcio. Os valores mais expressivos referem-se à alta ingestão de proteínas e à baixa ingestão de cálcio. O grupo osteoporose (média 59,24+80,07, p<0,05) ingere significativamente mais proteínas do que o grupo osteopenia (média 15,14+16,53, p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram uma correlação negativa significativa entre a ingestão de proteínas e a DMO de fêmur (r=-0,416, p<0,05). Conclusão: Desta forma, a adequada ingestão de proteínas também deve ser considerada como um fator de proteção à osteoporose e considerado pelos nutricionistas e difundido nas campanhas de saúde pública. au

Efeitos de um programa de exercícios em cadeia cinética fechada na densidade mineral óssea de mulheres com osteopenia pós-menopáusica / Effect of exercise program in closed kinetic chain in bone mineral density of women with postmenopausal osteopenia

Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios em cadeia cinética dechada (CCF) NA DENSIDADE MINERAL ÓSSEA (DMO) de mulheres com osteopenia pós-menopáusica. Metodologia: Esta pesquisa apresenta um delineamento quase experimental onde 41 mulheres pós-menopáusicas (56,4+-5 anos0 foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo experimental (GE, n+23, 57,3+-5,4 anos) e grupo controle (GC, n+18,55,1+-4,3 anos). Os indivíduos do GE realizaram um protocolo de exercícios resistidos com incidência de forças longitudinais em CCF durante 12 meses de maneira periodizada. Enquanto os indivíduos do GE mantiveram suas atividades da vida diária durante o mesmo período de tempo. A DMO foi avaliada em ambos os grupos anteriormente ao início do estudo (pré) e após o período de 12 meses (pós) por um aparelho de DXA (modelo Halogic QDR-4000) na região da coluna lombar (L1 a L4) e fêmur (wards, colo, trocânter e intertrocãnter). Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a ANOVA two-way de medidas repetidas. Os cálculos foram realizados no software SPSS 15.0 e o nível de significância mantido em 5 por cento )pmenor que 0,05). Resultados: Apesar de não significativo, na região da coluna lombar o GE apresentou um incremento de 0,003g/cm cúbicos na DMO (0,5 por cento), enquanto o GC evidenciou uma redução de 0,019g/cm quadrados (-2,1 por cento0. Na região do fêmur, ambos os grupos apresentaram reduções nos valores densitonométricos: GE -0,015g/cmquadrados(-1,7 por cento) e GC-0,003g/cm quadrados (-0,4 por cento). Apenas para o GE esta diferença foi significativa. Conclusão: o protocolo com exercícios em CCF foi eficiente para aumentar a DMO apenas na região da coluna lombar.

Effect of specific exercise training on bone mineral density in women with postmenopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis.

AIM: To analyse the effect of a specific program of weight training exercise with closed kinetic chain in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. METHODS: A total of 59 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia were included in this prospective study. Subjects were divided into two groups: the study group (SG, n = 30; 57.5 + or - 5.1 years) and the control group (CG, n = 29; 56.6 + or - 4.6 years). In the study group was applied a weight exercise protocol (longitudinal forces in closed kinetic chain) during 12 months, whereas in the control group no weight exercise protocol was applied. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip was assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS. Although no significant intragroup differences were found, patients in SG showed a 1.17% increase in the lumbar spine whereas in CG a 2.26% decrease in bone density was detected. CONCLUSION: This protocol of weight training exercise did not significantly improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis, but in comparison to the control group, the results showed the importance of practising the specific exercise program for maintenance of bone health in postmenopausal women.

Influência psicossomática em pacientes portadores de cervicalgia e cervicobraquialgia de origem tensional / Phychosomatic influences in patients carriers of

O estudo das relaçöes mente-corpo é um dos termos que vem assumindo progressiva importância no contexto da medicina atual, possibilitando uma nova visäo sobre a patologia. O maior erro reside no fato que há profissionais relacionados com o corpo, e profissionais relacionados com a mente. Entretanto, mente e corpo é uma unidade indivisível. Desta forma, a näo separaçäo tem como vantagem possibilitar melhor conhecimento da influência psicossomática em doenças físicas, possibilitando melhor aplicaçäo das técnicas de tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar o maior número de pessoas relacionadas com a patologia e promover uma nova abordagem perante o paciente portador de doença psicossomática