ABSTRACT
The use of organophosphates has been recommended for fish, especially the trichlorfon to control parasites. Colossoma macropomum were exposed to trichlorfon during 96 hours and of total number of mucous cells decreased in the number of cells when compared to the control group. Glycoproteins acid, acid sulphated and neutral was identified in the gill epithelium. Neutra glycoprotein had a significant decrease between control and the sublethal concentration. Acid glycoprotein didn't have any significant difference between the groups exposed to the trichlorfon, compared to the control group. Sulfated acidic glycoprotein in the group exposed to the trichlorfon was noticed a reduction in number of mucosal cells acidic sulphated. The differences between density cell and production glycoprotein was a response of these cells after exposure to xenobiotic. The reduction of neutral, acid and sulphated acid glycoprotein in the MC of the gill epithelium Colossoma macropomum may affect gills epithelial surface protection by reducing the formation of an unstirred layer and enhance the ion loss.(AU)
A utilização de organofosforados tem sido recomendada em pisciculturas, principalmente o trichlorfon, para o controle de parasitoses. Colossoma macropomum foram expostos ao trichlorfon durante 96 horas, e o número total de células mucosas diminuiu no número de células quando comparado com o grupo controle. Glicoproteínas ácida, ácida sulfatada e neutra foram identificadas no epitélio branquial. Glicoproteína neutra teve uma diminuição significativa entre o controle e a concentração subletal. Glicoproteína ácida não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos expostos ao triclorfon, em comparação com o grupo controle. Glicoproteína ácida sulfatada no grupo exposto ao triclorfon teve uma redução no número de células da mucosa ácida sulfatada. As diferenças entre a densidade celular e a produção de glicoproteína foi uma resposta dessas células após exposição aos xenobióticos. A redução das glicoproteínas neutra, ácida e ácida sulfatada no epitélio branquial de Colossoma macropomum pode afetar a proteção da superfície, reduzindo a formação de uma camada de muco, e aumentar a perda de íons.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/metabolism , Glycoproteins/classification , Organophosphorus Compounds/chemical synthesis , FisheriesABSTRACT
Phototherapy has demonstrated positive effects in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, but there is a need to investigate the dosimetric parameters. Thus, the aim of the present study was to conduct a literature review on the effects of photobiomodulation with the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in experimental models. The databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and SPIE Digital Library were searched for articles on the use of LLLT in experimental models of peripheral nerve injury published in English between January 2007 and March 2016. The laser parameter variability was wavelength (632.8 to 980 nm), power (10 to 190 mW), and total energy (0.15 to 90 J) in pulsed or continuous wave and single or multiple points. Eighteen original articles demonstrating the effects of LLLT on the acceleration of functional recovery, morphological aspects as well as the modulation of the expression inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors were selected. LLLT is a viable phototherapeutic modality for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, demonstrating positive effects on the neuromuscular repair process using either red or infrared light. The majority of studies used a power of up to 50 mW and total energy of up to 15 J administered to multiple points. The determination of these parameters is important to the standardization of a LLLT protocol to enhance the regeneration process following a peripheral nerve injury.
Subject(s)
Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/radiotherapy , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Nerve Regeneration/radiation effects , Recovery of FunctionABSTRACT
Este estudo verificou o nível de glicerina bruta em substituição total do óleo de soja e parcial do milho em dietas de juvenis de tambaqui sem que o ingrediente interfira no desempenho zootécnico desses animais. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Tocantins, avaliando cinco níveis de inclusão da glicerina bruta (0%; 7,5%; 10%; 12,5% e 15%) em três repetições com 10 animais cada (n=150 tambaquis). Esses animais foram alimentados com as rações experimentais por um período de 75 dias (15 dias de adaptação e 60 dias experimentais). Ao final desse período, os animais foram contidos para a mensuração dos valores do desempenho zootécnico dos animais (taxa de crescimento específico, conversão alimentar aparente, eficiência alimentar, índice hepatossomático, ganho de peso e fator de condição). Durante o período experimental, não houve mortalidade, e de todos os índices avaliados apenas no fator de condição do animal ocorreu diferença estatística, quando se comparou o período inicial e o final do experimento. A inclusão de até 15% de glicerina bruta em dietas de tambaqui em substituição total do óleo de soja e parcial do milho pode ser realizada sem que prejudique o desempenho zootécnico da espécie estudada.(AU)
This study examined the level of crude glycerin in total replacement of soybean oil and partial replacement of corn in diets for tambaqui without ingredient interfering on the growth performance of these animals. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Tocantins, evaluating five levels of crude glycerin inclusion (0%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%) in 3 replicates with 10 animals each (n = 150 tambaqui.) These animals were fed the experimental diets for a period of 75 days (15 days of adaptation and 60 days of trial), at the end of this period the animals were restrained to measure the values of the growth performance of animals (Specific growth rate, apparent food conversion, feed efficiency, hepatosomatic index, weight gain, and condition factor). During the study period, there were no deaths and in all indices evaluated, only the animal's condition factor presented statistical difference when comparing the initial and final periods of the experiment. The inclusion of up to 15% crude glycerin in tambaqui diets in total replacement of soybean oil and partial replacement of corn can be used without prejudice to the growth performance of the species studied.(AU)
