[Lipid level in sudden cardiac death (a biochemical and morphological study)]. / Uroven' lipidov v plazme krovi i arterial'noi stenke i stepen' ateroskleroza aorty i koronarnykh arterii pri vnezapnoi serdechnoi smerti (biokhimicheskoe i morfologicheskoe issledovanie).

The study covered 114 men dying suddenly of coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypercholesterinemia was found in 43% of the cases, lowered cholesterol, high density lipoproteins or hypoalphacholesterolemia in 75%. Thus hypoalphacholesterolemia correlates with CHD more frequently than hypercholesterolemia. The area of lipoidosis in the aorta did not correlate with cholesterol levels in the blood plasma. The content of cholesterol in lipid spots is significantly higher in patients with a high cholesterol level in the blood plasma. The area of eminent lesions in the aorta was significantly greater in high cholesterol level in the blood plasma than in low or normal content. In patients with high cholesterol level in the blood multiple stenoses of coronary arteries were found more frequently and isolated stenoses less frequently than in subjects with low cholesterol levels. In the former, stenosis of coronary arteries always exceeded 50% of the vessel lumen while with low cholesterol levels the stenosis did not exceed 50% of the vessel lumen in 10.4% of cases.

[Comparative characteristics of arteriosclerosis of the aorta, subclavian, iliac and femoral arteries in the populations of Riga and Samarkand]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika ateroskleroza aorty, podkliuchichnykh, podvzdoshnykh i bedrennykh arterii u naseleniia Rigi i Samarkanda.

Visual-planimetric evaluation of atherosclerosis of the aorta, subclavian, iliac, and femoral arteries in men of 50--64 who had died in Riga and Samarkand was carried out. The values characterizing the extent and severity of atherosclerosis of these arteries in the indigenous and non-indigenous population of these cities were calculated. Differences in the morphological features and course of atherosclerosis of arteries of the extremities in relation to the place of residence were established. No significant differences in the development of atherosclerotic changes of arteries of the extremities between indigenous and non-indigenous residents of Riga were found. The indigenous residents of Samarkand had low values of the area of atherosclerotic changes of the blood vessels of the extremities as well as low frequency of stenoses and obliterating lesions as compared with the non-indigenous residents. The observed differences indicate the importance of climatic-geographical and genetic factors and national-environmental features of the way of life in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases of the extremities.

[Arteriosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries in persons older than 70 living in different geographical areas of the USSR]. / Ateroskleroz aorty i koronarnykh arterii u liudei starshe 70 let, prozhivavshikh v razlichnykh geograficheskikh zonakh SSSR.

Visual-planimetric examination of the conspicuousness of atherosclerosis in the aorta and coronary arteries of persons who had died at an age of over 70 years was conducted in Tallin, Riga, Ryazan, Kharkov, Yalta, Frunze, and Ashkhabad (1,775 females and 1,425 males). The material was collected and studied according to the program elaborated by WHO experts for epidermilogic study of atherosclerosis according to post-mortem findings. It was found that atherosclerosis progresses at a much slower rate in persons over 70 than in those of younger age groups. The average conspicuousness of atherosclerosis in the vessels of females over 70 and particularly over 80 years of age often surpassed that in males. The least changes in the aorta and coronary arteries were found among the native population of Frunze and Ashkhabad and the most marked among natives of Tallin, Riga, Kharkov, and Yalta.

[Data on epidemiology and pathology of arteriosclerosis of the iliac and femoral arteries among the population of the Samarkand district]. / Materialy po epidemiologii i patologii ateroskleroza podvzdoshnykh i bedrennykh arterii u naseleniia samarkandskoi oblasti.

A comparative analysis of atherosclerotic lesions in the major arteries of the lower extremities (iliac and femoral) was conducted in different groups of population in the Samarkand region including autopsy material, mass screening data and examinations of patients hospitalized in surgical clinics of the city of Samarkand. The incidence, the period of appearance of atherosclerotic changes in the arteries of the lower extremities, their morphological peculiarities and localization were determined. The main factors correlating with the incidence, severity and localization of the vascular lesions in the lower extremities included the age, ethnic origin and nature of the underlying pathology.

[Epidemiological studies of arteriosclerosis according to pathoanatomical materials]. / Epidemiologicheskie issledovaniia ateroskleroza po patologoanatomicheskim materialam.

Data are presented on the principles of carrying out morphological epidemiological studies on atherosclerosis. The important conditions for such studies are: (1) representative character of the materials to be studied (they must be characteristic of a certain population group), and (2) objective quantitative evaluation of the intensity of atherosclerosis in arteries. When these conditions are fulfilled, it is possible to obtain comparable data for populations of different areas and towns. Some results of epidmiological studies are presented indicating significant differences in the intensity of manifestations of atherosclerosis in people of different countries and some towns of the USSR. Moreover, in different ethnical groups of the population of one town the intensity of atherosclerosis may differ widely )Frunze, Ashkhabad, Yakutsk). The epidemiological studies are very important for the research on the factors of risk of ischemic disease and atherosclerosis.

[Various aspects of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis in the light of data of geographic pathology]. / Nekotorye aspekty patogeneza ateroskleroza v svete dannykh geograficheskoi patologii

An analysis of 9.550 autopsies of males, aged 10 to 69 years, demonstrated that the time and incidence of the appearance of lipid spots did not depend on the place of residence and ethnic characteristics of the person, while the appearance and further progressive development of fibrous plaques and other more severe kinds of atherosclerotic changes varied greatly from one geographic zone and ethnic group to other. The results of the study of different stages of atherosclerosis and the analysis of literature data support our earlier concept that indicates that fibrous plaques do not necessarily develop from lipid spots, and the latter do not necessarily transform into fibrous plaques.

Atherosclerosis and sudden death.

The prevalence of complicated and calcified lesions and coronary stenosis, the mean heart weight, and the extent of atherosclerosis in the aorta and coronary arteries were greater in the "sudden heart death" group than in the high atherosclerosis group. In the "other sudden death" group, which included sudden deaths without myocardial infarction or coronary occlusion, all the above variables, except heart weight, were found to be lower than in the low atherosclerosis group and were close to those in the standardized average atherosclerosis group. The mean heart weight in the "other sudden death" group was lower than in the "sudden heart death" group but significantly higher than in the three reference atherosclerosis groups.

Atherosclerosis and hypertension.

Autopsy studies of atherosclerosis of the aorta and the coronary arteries were carried out in 3134 subjects with essential hypertension. A comparison was made with low, average, and high atherosclerosis groups. Essential hypertension was found to accelerate the development of all types of aortic lesion, except fatty streak, as compared with the standardized average atherosclerosis group, and to accelerate the development of fibrous plaque but not complicated and calcified lesions as compared with the high atherosclerosis group. The extent of fibrous plaque in the coronary arteries was greater in the essential hypertension group than in the low and standardized average atherosclerosis groups but did not differ from that in the high atherosclerosis group. The extent of complicated and calcified lesions and the prevalence of coronary stenosis were higher in the high atherosclerosis group than in cases of hypertension. Geographical differences in atherosclerosis among hypertensives in different towns reflected the findings for the whole material. Symptomatic hypertension was found to accelerate aortic atherosclerosis at least to the same extent as essential hypertension. It was conductive to coronary atherosclerosis but not to the same extent as essential hypertension. Coronary stenosis and various manifestations of coronary heart disease were rare in symptomatic hypertension.

[Changes in the myocardium of the atrium in sudden death due to ischemic heart disease]. / Izmeneniia miokarda predserdii pri vnezapnoi smerti ot ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Studies of the myocardium of the right and left atria in 31 cases of sudden death due to myocardial infarction of the ventricles or in the presence of extensive-focal cardiosclerosis were carried out. Histological techniques for staining with hematoxylin-eosine, trichrome after Masson and Goldman's method were used. Microscopic investigation of the heart in 14 cases revealed fresh areas of necrosis of the myocardium atria, which the authors evaluated as infarction. The involvement of the myocardium of the atria into the pathological process influenced the course and prognosis of ischemic heart disease.