Associação de dinapenia, sarcopenia, aptidão física e capacidade funcional em adultos fisicamente ativos no Brasil

Contexto e objetivo: O envelhecimento está associado a diversas alterações fisiológicas que podem afetar a aptidão física e a capacidade funcional, como a sarcopenia e a dinapenia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e comparar aspectos físicos e funcionais de adultos em relação aos critérios de sarcopenia e dinapenia. Desenho e local: Os participantes faziam parte do Projeto Misto Longitudinal de Aptidão Física e Capacidade Funcional de São Caetano do Sul, que busca avaliar e acompanhar a saúde e o desempenho físico de idosos na região. A amostra foi composta por 1480 participantes com idade acima de 50 anos e média de 66,5 anos. Métodos: Para a classificação da sarcopenia e dinapenia, foram adotados os critérios do Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia e do European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Uma análise estatística foi realizada utilizando a análise de covariância ANCOVA não paramétrica, ajustada pelo sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC), buscando comparar a capacidade funcional entre os grupos. Foi adotado um nível de significância de P < 0,05 e o software utilizado para as análises foi o SPSS versão 25. Resultados: A prevalência de sarcopenia na amostra foi de 3% e de dinapenia, 62,3%. Foram identificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis de aptidão física e capacidade funcional. Conclusão: A massa muscular isoladamente pode não ser um critério adequado para definir sarcopenia em adultos, pela não-linearidade da relação entre massa muscular e capacidade físico-funcional.

Physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour according to sex, age, BMI, academic year, and country among medical students in Latin America.

Physical inactivity represents a global challenge in public health, being the second most significant factor contributing to mortality. In Latin America, the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour is notable, affecting medical students as well, who play a crucial role as behavioural role models for the population. This study addresses the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among medical students in Latin America during the year 2023. A total of 864 participants from 12 institutions across eight countries were surveyed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Significant variations in physical activity and sedentary behaviour were observed according to sex, age, body mass index, academic year, and country. Notably, Costa Rica exhibited the highest levels of moderate physical activity in leisure time (90 min/day). Strength training was more common among men (60 min/day) and in Argentina (60 min/day). Sedentary behaviour was higher in women (420 min/day) and during the first academic year (485 min/day). Uruguay stood out with high levels of sedentary behaviour (600 min/day). Correlations indicated positive moderate associations between academic year and moderate leisure-time PA (r:0,128, p:0,007). In conclusion, there are associations between the level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the variables studied in this research, with the main findings being that the female sex has more time spent in sedentary behaviour (minutes/day) and less time spent in strength training (minutes/day). Additionally, there are higher levels of sedentary behaviour in the early years of medical study compared to the later years of the program.

Association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older from Chile: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Few studies in Latin America have examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment (CI) in a nationally representative sample. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CI in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 60 years or older from Chile and to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and CI. METHODS: Data from the cross-sectional 2016-2017 National Health Survey of Chile, which included 2031 adults (63.7% women) was used. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose or treatment for diabetics, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol), risk of cardiovascular disease (history and measured variables, using the Framingham risk score), tobacco use, and physical activity were measured. CI was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of CI was 12.2% at the national level. Significant differences in CI were observed by age, education level, risk of cardiovascular disease, and smoking. High risk of cardiovascular disease was associated with higher odds of CI (OR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.20-3.45) compared to low risk. Smoking was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of CI (OR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36-0.87) compared to never smoking. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and physical activity were not associated with CI. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided additional support for previous findings on the relationship between cognitive decline and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Worse CI was associated with the group with the highest risk of cardiovascular disease, and the presence of lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity, exacerbate this relationship, but not being a current smoker.

Efectividad de la Rehabilitación basada en Ejercicio Físico sobre la Sintomatología Prolongada de COVID-19 en Personas Mayores: Una Revisión Sistemática / Effectiveness of Rehabilitation based on Physical Exercise on Prolonged Symptoms of COVID-19 in Older People: A Systematic Review

Propósito. Sistematizar la evidencia respecto a la efectividad de los programas de rehabilitación, basados en la prescripción del ejercicio físico, aplicados en personas mayores con síntomas prolongados de COVID-19. Métodos. Se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE Complete y Web of Science. Se buscaron estudios de tipo ensayo controlado aleatorizado con fecha de publicación desde el año 2020 hasta octubre de 2022 centrados en programas de rehabilitación, o intervención terapéutica, basados en ejercicio físico en individuos mayores o igual de 60 años que manifiesten síntomas persistentes de COVID-19 posterior a la fase aguda. Resultados. Dos ensayos controlados aleatorizados, que midieron la eficacia de la rehabilitación con ejercicio físico en personas de edad avanzada (mayores o iguales a 60 años), fueron identificados. Los resultados mostraron mejoría de la tolerancia al esfuerzo, la función respiratoria y el bienestar psicológico en los adultos mayores con síntomas post-COVID-19. Sin embargo, la cantidad de estudios es baja y la representación de este grupo etario, también. Conclusión. Los programas de rehabilitación, en personas mayores, basados en ejercicio, son efectivos para tratar los síntomas post-COVID-19. Se necesitan más estudios comparativos de alta calidad, en personas mayores, para desarrollar programas de rehabilitación que permitan afrontar la fase prolongada de la enfermedad.

Purpose. To systematize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, based on the prescription of physical exercise, applied in older people with persistent symptoms of COVID-19. Methods. The PubMed, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE Complete and Web of Science databases were reviewed. Randomized controlled trial-type studies with a publication date from 2020 to October 2022 and that were focused on physical exercise-based rehabilitation programs that were applied to individuals over or equal to 60 years of age who manifest persistent COVID-19 symptoms post-acute phase. Results. Two randomized controlled trials, which measured the effectiveness of physical exercise-based rehabilitation in elderly people (over or equal to 60 years), were identified. The results showed improvement in exercise tolerance, respiratory function, and psychological well-being in older adults with post-COVID-19 symptoms. However, the number of studies is low and the representation of this age group, too. Conclusion. Physical exercise-based rehabilitation programs in older people are effective in treating post-COVID-19 symptoms. More high-quality comparative studies are needed, in older people, to develop rehabilitation programs that allow coping with the prolonged phase of the disease.

[Profile and indicators of long-stay establishments for older adults in Chile]. / Perfil e indicadores de los establecimientos de larga estancia para adulto mayor en Chile.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In this article we sought to characterize the Long Stay Establishments for the Elderly in Chile, besides presenting the services offered in the public and private. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study, with secondary information source. We analyze all establishments in the country registered with the National Service of the Elderly. As of November 2015, a total of 724 establishments were registered and distributed in 169 neighborhoods throughout the country in which 16,985 adults aged 60 and over were institutionalized. RESULTS: Most of the establishments (65.9% [n=246/724]) are private, 47.5% of them (n=344/724) are located in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Of the residents' health, only 26.5% are considered functional brave, 28.3% are physically handicapped and 8.8% are mentally handicapped. Most establishments offer manual activities, physical exercises, memory classes, cultural classes and recreational or touristic tours. Proportionally of the activities offered were mostly private ones. CONCLUSIONS: In Chile, most of the establishments are private, located in the metropolitan region where there is the largest supply deficit of this type of service, with an occupancy rate of 90.7%, with 72.4% women and almost half 47.7% with some physical or psychic dependence.

Perfil e indicadores de los establecimientos de larga estancia para adulto mayor en Chile / Profile and indicators of long-stay establishments for older adults in Chile

Antecedentes y objetivo: En este artículo sé buscó caracterizar los establecimientos de larga estancia para adultos mayores (ELEAM) de Chile, además de presentar los servicios ofrecidos en lo público y en lo privado. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal descriptivo, a través de fuente de información secundaria. Analizamos todos los ELEAM del país registrados en el Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor (SENAMA). Hasta noviembre de 2015 un total de 724 ELEAM estaban registrados y distribuidos en 169 comunas alrededor del país, en los cuales estaban institucionalizados 16.985 adultos con edad a partir de los 60años. Resultados: La mayoría de los ELEAM (65,9% [n=344/724]) son privados. Entre ellos, el 47,5% (n=246/724) están localizados en la región metropolitana de Santiago. De la salud de los residentes, apenas el 26,5% son considerados autosuficientes funcionales, el 28,3% son deficientes físicos y el 8,8%, deficientes psíquicos. La mayoría de los establecimientos ofrecen actividades manuales, ejercicios físicos, clases de memoria, clases culturales y paseos recreativos o turísticos. Proporcionalmente, la mayoría de las actividades ofrecidas eran privadas. Conclusiones: En Chile la mayor parte de los establecimientos son de carácter privado, ubicados en la región metropolitana, donde se encuentra un mayor déficit de oferta de este servicio, con una tasa de ocupación del 90,7%, siendo el 72,4% mujeres, y casi la mitad (47,7%) con alguna dependencia física o psíquica. (AU)

Background and objective: In this article we sought to characterize the Long Stay Establishments for the Elderly in Chile, besides presenting the services offered in the public and private. Material and methods: It is a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study, with secondary information source. We analyze all establishments in the country registered with the National Service of the Elderly. As of November 2015, a total of 724 establishments were registered and distributed in 169 neighborhoods throughout the country in which 16,985 adults aged 60 and over were institutionalized. Results: Most of the establishments (65.9% [n=246/724]) are private, 47.5% of them (n=344/724) are located in the metropolitan region of Santiago. Of the residents’ health, only 26.5% are considered functional brave, 28.3% are physically handicapped and 8.8% are mentally handicapped. Most establishments offer manual activities, physical exercises, memory classes, cultural classes and recreational or touristic tours. Proportionally of the activities offered were mostly private ones. Conclusions: In Chile, most of the establishments are private, located in the metropolitan region where there is the largest supply deficit of this type of service, with an occupancy rate of 90.7%, with 72.4% women and almost half 47.7% with some physical or psychic dependence. (AU)

Fatores associados à baixa capacidade funcional em idosos institucionalizados: um estudo transversal / Factors associated with low functional capacity in institutionalized elderly: a cross-sectional study

Contexto: Há alta prevalência de dependência funcional entre os idosos institucionalizados, entretanto, poucos estudos utilizaram testes de desempenho físico para mensurar a capacidade funcional do idoso. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à baixa capacidade funcional em idosos institucionalizados. Tipo de estudo e local: Estudo transversal, com amostra por conveniência composta por 153 idosos residentes de seis instituições de longa permanência filantrópica do município de São Caetano do Sul. Métodos: Para determinar a escala de capacidade funcional, foi utilizada a circunferência da perna, flexão de cotovelo, velocidade de andar e marcha estacionária. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, idade, tempo de internação, medicamentos, depressão, estado cognitivo e nível de atividade física. Utilizou-se análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP). Resultados: A prevalência de baixa capacidade funcional foi de 57%. A faixa etária > 80 anos (RP: 1,66; intervalo de confiança, IC 95%: 1,13­2,44), presença de déficit cognitivo (RP: 2,19; IC 95%:1,08­4,41), e baixo número de passos (RP: 5,39; IC 95%: 1,44­20,10) se associaram diretamente com a baixa capacidade funcional. No entanto, o excesso de peso (RP: 0,59; IC 95%: 0,39­0,89) e a obesidade (RP: 0,42; IC 95%:0,22­0,81) se associaram inversamente com a baixa capacidade funcional. Conclusão: O nível de atividade física, o estado cognitivo e a idade foram associados à baixa capacidade funcional. O índice de massa corporal foi inversamente associado com a baixa capacidade funcional.

Which one? A comparative study of traditional and sports uniforms on academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents: The Cogni-Action Project.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index. Methods: A total of 988 Chilean adolescents (52.6% boys) aged 10-14 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Academic achievement was evaluated by the average grade in maths, language, and science grades, while cognitive performance was assessed through eight cognitive tasks. TUs affecting physical activity, playtime, bullying, and discrimination were queried. Mixed model analyses were performed. Results: No differences were observed in academic achievement (TU: 5.4 ± 0.1 vs. SU: 5.5 ± 0.2, p = 0.785) or in cognitive performance (TU: 99.6 ± 0.8 vs. SU: 98.9 ± 1.8, p= 0.754) according to the school uniformtype. Moreover, 64.1 % of participants declared that wearing TU affects their physical activity (traditional uniforms: + 8 min and sports uniforms: + 20 min), and those who believed so spent more time playing than those who answered negatively (14.5 min, p = 0.012). Finally, adolescents wearing SU displayed a lower feeling of bullying and discrimination; this finding depended mainly on the school's vulnerability. Conclusion: It is concluded that wearing TU does not show an educational advantage at an academic and cognitive level that justifies its obligation. In addition, it could be suggested that schools consider adolescents' opinions in adopting a more comfortable uniform, such as the SU. This feasible and low-cost measure would help to increase adolescents' physical activity during the school day, and, contrary to belief, it would not be related to increased feelings of bullying and discrimination.

Prevalência e fatores associados à sarcopenia em homens e mulheres ativos acima de 50 anos de idade. Um estudo transversal / Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in active men and women over 50 years of age. A cross-sectional study

Introdução: As alterações na composição corporal em idosos, principalmente na redução da massa muscular, provocam o declínio físico e prejuízo da qualidade de vida, aumentando o risco de quedas, institucionalizações e morte. Identificar os fatores associados à sarcopenia possibilita a realização de estratégias para prevenção e reversão deste fenômeno durante o processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência e fatores associados à sarcopenia em homens e mulheres não sedentários acima de 50 anos de idade. Tipo de estudo e local: Estudo transversal com homens e mulheres de São Caetano do Sul. Métodos: Foram avaliados 787 mulheres e 123 homens do Projeto Longitudinal de Envelhecimento e Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul que frequentam duas vezes na semana um programa de atividade física orientado do município. Para determinar a sarcopenia, utilizou-se o critério de redução da massa muscular (circunferência muscular do braço) e redução da força (preensão manual) ou a redução do desempenho (velocidade de andar). As variáveis independentes foram sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), socioeconômicas, comportamentais, de saúde e nível de atividade física. Resultados: A prevalência de sarcopenia foi de 13,5%, na qual 18,4% da amostra apresentou redução da massa muscular, 34,2% diminuição da velocidade de andar e 50,9% redução da força muscular. A prevalência de sarcopenia foi maior em quem não cumpria a recomendação de atividade física (65,8%), assim como quem ultrapassava o recomendado de tempo sentado durante a semana (63,2%). Conclusão: Os fatores associados à sarcopenia são IMC, circunferência de cintura e panturrilha. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Envelhecimento, sarcopenia, sistema musculoesquelético, força muscular, desempenho físico funcional

Efectos del autoinjerto hueso-tendón patelar-hueso sobre la posición articular y la fuerza en pacientes con reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior / Effects of bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft on joint position and strength in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el déficit propioceptivo a través del Joint position sense (JPS) y Force steadiness en pacientes con reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) injerto hueso-tendón patelar-hueso (HTH) 6 a 12 meses postcirugía. Participaron 15 pacientes (13 hombres y 2 mujeres, 25,5 ± 1,3 años) con reconstrucción de LCA con autoinjerto HTH y 20 personas sin lesión del LCA (19 hombres y 1 mujer, 24,1 ± 0,8 años). Para evaluar la sensación de posición de la articulación de la rodilla se midió la Joint position sense (JPS) en tres rangos: 0°-30°, 31°-60° y 61°-90° y la sensación de fuerza del cuádriceps fue evaluada con la prueba Force steadiness (FS) al 15 % de la contracción voluntaria máxima (CVM), ambas pruebas realizadas 6 a 12 meses post cirugía. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la sensación de la posición articular (JPS 0°-30°) (p=0.564) y 31°-60° (p=0.681), mientras que en el rango 61°-90° (p=0.003) existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En las mediciones de sensación de fuerza del cuádriceps (FS al 15 % CVM) entre los pacientes operados de LCA técnica HTH y el grupo control no hubo diferencias estadísticas (p= 0.987) La sensación de la fuerza del cuádriceps medida con la prueba FS al 15 % CVM no presentaría déficit entre los 6 a 12 meses en pacientes post operados de LCA al ser comparados con sujetos sin lesión ni cirugía de este ligamento. Se concluye que la sensación de la posición articular medida con la prueba JPS en en tres rangos articulares de pacientes con reconstrucción de LCA injerto HTH 6 a 12 meses post cirugía sólo mostró alteraciones en el rango de 61°- 90° al ser comparado con el grupo control, lo cual indica que la sensación de la posición articular presenta un déficit en este rango específico.

SUMMARY: The aim of the study was to compare the proprioceptive deficit through the Joint position sense (JPS) and Force steadiness in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) bone-patellar tendon-bone graft (PTH) reconstruction 6 to 12 months post-surgery. Fifteen patients (13 men and 2 women, 25.5 ± 1.3 years) with ACL reconstruction with HTH autograft and 20 persons without ACL injury (19 men and 1 woman, 24.1 ± 0.8 years) participated. To assess knee joint position sensation, Joint position sense (JPS) was measured in three ranges: 0°-30°, 31°- 60° and 61°-90° and quadriceps strength sensation was assessed with the Force steadiness (FS) test at 15 % of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), both tests performed 6 to 12 months post surgery. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in joint position sensation (JPS 0°-30°) (p=0.564) and 31°-60° (p=0.681), while in the range 61°-90° (p=0.003) there were statistically significant differences. In the quadriceps strength sensation measurements (FS at 15 % CVM) between the patients operated on ACL HTH technique and the control group there were no statistical differences (p= 0.987). The quadriceps strength sensation measured with the FS test at 15 % CVM would not present a deficit between 6 to 12 months in post- operated ACL patients when compared to subjects without injury or surgery of this ligament. It is concluded that the joint position sensation measured with the JPS test in three joint ranges of patients with ACL reconstruction HTH graft 6 to 12 months post surgery only showed alterations in the range of 61°- 90° when compared to the control group, indicating that the joint position sensation presents a deficit in this specific range.

Effects of a concurrent training protocol on body composition and phase angle in physically inactive young women: a quasi-experimental intervention study / Efectos de un protocolo de entrenamiento concurrente sobre la composición corporal y el ángulo de fase en mujeres jóvenes físicamente inactivas: un estudio de intervención cuasi-experimental

SUMMARY: To determine the effect of a concurrent training program on body composition and phase angle in young women. 38 women (19.26 ± 1.86 years) participated in the study, and were assigned according to convenience sampling into two groups: 11 into the control group (CG) and 27 into the intervention group (IG). The IG performed a 12-weeks concurrent training protocol. The frequency was five days a week, and the intensity was established in 40-60 % of a repetition maximum to strength exercise, and 40-65 % heart rate reserve to endurance exercise. Body composition and phase angle were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance before and after the intervention. The IG had a decrease in fat mass (pre = 24.66 ± 5.65 kg; post = 20.38 ± 4.20 kg; Cohen's d = .80; p< 0,001 [CI 95 % = 3.34,5.22]), and an increase in muscle mass (pre = 22.75 ± 3.23 kg; post: 23.50 ± 3.41 kg; Cohen's d = -0.86; p= <0,001[CI 95 % = -1.09,- 0.40]) and total phase angle (pre = 5.72º ±0.39; post: 6.24º ± 0.51; Cohen's d = -1.32; p=<0,001 [CI 95 % = -0.67,-0.36]), whereas the CG had not show significant variations in variables of body composition or total phase angle. The results suggest that a 12-weeks concurrent training program could modify positively the young women's body composition and phase angle. Hence, it is recommended using similar protocols to change variables related to young women's health.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento concurrente sobre la composición corporal y el ángulo de fase en mujeres jóvenes. 38 mujeres (19.26 ± 1.86 años) participaron en el estudio, y fueron asignadas de acuerdo a un muestreo de conveniencia en dos grupos: 11 en el grupo control (CG) y 27 en el grupo de intervención (GI). El IG realizó un protocolo de entrenamiento concurrente de 12 semanas. La frecuencia fue de cinco días a la semana y la intensidad se estableció en 40-60 % una repetición máxima para el ejercicio de fuerza y 40-65 % de frecuencia cardíaca de reserva para ejercicio de resistencia. La composición corporal y el ángulo de fase se evaluaron mediante impedancia bioeléctrica antes y después de la intervención. El IG tuvo una disminución en la masa grasa (pre = 24.66 ± 5.65 kg; post = 20.38 ± 4.20 kg; d de Cohen = .80; p <0,001 [IC 95 % = 3.34,5.22]), y un aumento en la masa muscular (pre = 22,75 ± 3,23 kg; post: 23,50 ± 3,41 kg; d de Cohen = -0,86; p = <0,001 [IC 95 % = -1,09, -0,40]) y ángulo de fase total (pre = 5,72º ± 0,39; post: 6,24 º ± 0,51; d de Cohen = -1,32; p = <0,001 [IC 95 % = -0,67, -0,36]), mientras que el GC no mostró variaciones significativas en las variables de composición corporal o ángulo de fase total. Los resultados sugieren que un programa de entrenamiento concurrente de 12 semanas podría modificar positivamente la composición corporal y el ángulo de fase de mujeres jóvenes. Por lo tanto, se recomienda utilizar protocolos similares para mofificar variables relacionadas con la salud de mujeres jóvenes.

Association between Active Transportation and Public Transport with an Objectively Measured Meeting of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Daily Steps Guidelines in Adults by Sex from Eight Latin American Countries.

This study aimed to examine the associations between active transportation and public transport and the objectively measured meeting of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and steps per day guidelines in adults by sex from eight Latin American countries. As part of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), data were collected from 2524 participants aged 18-65 years. MVPA and steps per day were evaluated using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers. The mode of transportation, its frequency and duration were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. The average time dedicated to active transportation was 12.8 min/day in men (IQR: 2.8-30.0) and 12.9 min/day in women (IQR: 4.3-25.7). A logistic regression analysis was conducted, showing that active transportation (≥10 min) was associated with higher odds of meeting MVPA guidelines (men: OR: 2.01; 95%CI: 1.58-2.54; women: OR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.25-1.96). These results show a greater association when considering active transportation plus public transport (men: OR: 2.98; 95%CI: 2.31-3.91; women: OR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.45-2.29). Active transportation plus public transport was positively associated with meeting steps per day guidelines only in men (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.15-2.10). This study supports the suggestion that active transportation plus public transport is significantly associated with meeting the MVPA and daily steps recommendations.

Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y comportamiento sedentario: revisión sistemática / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sedentary behavior: a systematic review

INTRODUCCIÓN: A pesar del progreso de la investigación mundial sobre el comportamiento sedentario, sabemos poco aún acerca de sus relaciones y efectos en la población con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), por eso el objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la evidencia actual y más frecuente disponible sobre este tema. MÉTODO: Se utilizaron cinco bases de datos electrónicas para realizar una revisión cualitativa diagnóstica. Los documentos elegibles de los últimos cinco años se analizaron descriptivamente en una tabla de extracción de datos y analizaron por separados los distintos temas encontrados. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció en varios artículos el alto comportamiento sedentario en EPOC, y cómo se relaciona con el nivel de severidad de la enfermedad y con mortalidad. La estrategia principal sugerida fue reemplazar el tiempo sedente con actividad física. Discusión: Los resultados de la revisión son similares a lo estudiado en población de variada comorbilidad. Sin embargo, los precedentes de éstos son más específicos en cuanto a recomendaciones. Deben tomarse en cuenta aquellos hallazgos previos como directriz de estudio en la EPOC, ya que se comparte la base fisiopatológica de inflamación crónica sistémica. CONCLUSIÓN: Algunos hallazgos encontrados con mayor frecuencia, son la relación del comportamiento sedentario con la mortalidad y el desarrollo de mayor comorbilidad en la EPOC, además de la intervención a través de la actividad física, por lo cual es necesario profundizar en esta temática buscando estrategias y recomendaciones específicas para esta población.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the progress of global research on sedentary behavior, we know little about its relationships and its effects on the population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). therefore, the purpose of this review was to analyze the current and most common evidence available on these issues. METHOD: Five electronic databases were used to conduct a qualitative diagnostic review. eligible documents from the past five years were descriptively analyzed in a data extraction table and analyzed separately the various topics found. RESULTS: High sedentary behavior in COPD was evident in several articles, and how it relates to the severity level of the disease and mortality. the main suggested strategy was to replace sedentary time with physical activity. Discussion: The results of this review are similar to what is studied in a population of varied co-morbility. However, their precedents are more specific in terms of recommendations. previous findings should be considered as a study guideline in COPD, as the pathological basis of chronic systemic inflammation is shared. CONCLUSION: Some findings found more frequently are the relationship of sedentary behavior with mortality and the development of greater co-morbility in COPD, in addition to intervention through physical activity, so it is necessary to deepen this topic by looking for strategies and recommendations specific to this population.

Characteristics of Physical Exercise Programs for Older Adults in Latin America: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

AIM: To characterize physical exercise programs for older adults in Latin America. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the years 2015 and 2020 was performed in the Scopus, MedLine and SciELO databases. RESULTS: A total of 101 RCTs were included. A large percentage of the studies had an unclear risk of bias in the items: selection, performance, detection and attribution. Furthermore, a heterogeneous level of compliance was observed in the CERT items. A total sample of 5013 older adults (79% women) was included. 97% of the studies included older adults between 60-70 years, presenting an adherence to the interventions of 86%. The studies were mainly carried out in older adults with cardiometabolic diseases. Only 44% of the studies detailed information regarding the place of intervention; of these studies, 61% developed their interventions in university facilities. The interventions were mainly based on therapeutic physical exercise (89% of the articles), with a duration of 2-6 months (95% of the articles) and a frequency of 2-3 times a week (95% of the articles) with sessions of 30-60 min (94% of the articles) led by sports science professionals (51% of the articles). The components of physical fitness that were exercised the most were muscular strength (77% of the articles) and cardiorespiratory fitness (47% of the articles). Furthermore, only 48% of the studies included a warm-up stage and 34% of the studies included a cool-down stage. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review characterized the physical exercise programs in older adults in Latin America, as well the most frequently used outcome measures and instruments, by summarizing available evidence derived from RCTs. The results will be useful for prescribing future physical exercise programs in older adults.

Active Transportation and Obesity Indicators in Adults from Latin America: ELANS Multi-Country Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the association between active transportation and obesity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. METHODS: Data from the ELANS study, an observational multi-country study (n: 8336; 18-65 years), were used. Active transportation (walking and cycling) and leisure time physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version). The obesity indicators considered were: body mass index, and waist and neck circumference. RESULTS: In the total sample, the average time dedicated to active transportation was 24.3 min/day, with the highest amount of active transportation being Costa Rica (33.5 min/day), and the lowest being Venezuela (15.7 min/day). The countries with the highest proportion of active transportation were Ecuador (71.9%), and the lowest was Venezuela (40.5%). Results from linear regression analyses suggest that active transportation was significantly and independently associated with a lower body mass index (ß: -0.033; 95% CI: -0.064; -0.002), but not with waist circumference (ß: -0.037; 95% CI: -1.126; 0.390 and neck circumference (ß: -0.007; 95% CI: -0.269; 0.130). CONCLUSIONS: Active transportation is significantly associated with a lower body mass index. Governments should incentivize this type of transportation as it could help to reduce the obesity pandemic in Latin America.

Efecto de un programa de "exergames" en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional de personas mayores: un estudio piloto / A pilot study of effects of Exergames program on balance and functional mobility in older adults

Resumen Introducción: Las personas mayores experimentan una menor capacidad para mantener y restablecer el equilibrio durante las actividades físicas. Durante la última década los videojuegos controlados con movimientos de todo el cuerpo, también conocidos como "Exergames", han ganado popularidad como herramientas para mejorar el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. El software KineLabs 3D es una serie de minijuegos que utiliza la plataforma Kinect para la rehabilitación de pacientes con secuelas de accidente vascular encefálico y para el entrenamiento de personas mayores. A nuestro conocimiento no hay investigaciones que utilizen este Exergame. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicios del Exergame KineLabs 3D en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional en personas institucionalizadas y autovalentes entre los 65 y los 85 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realiza un estudio piloto, cuantitativo, pre test-post test de un solo grupo de cinco personas que completaron un programa de 24 sesiones, tres veces por semana. Las pruebas clínicas escala de balance de Berg, prueba de alcance funcional, estación de apoyo unipodal y Short Physical Performance Battery fueron utilizadas antes y después del desarrollo del programa para medir el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. Resultados: Las personas mayores que participaron en el programa mostraron una diferencia significativa en todas las pruebas clínicas (escala de balance de Berg p=0,0422, prueba de alcance funcional p=0,0431, estación de apoyo unipodal p=0,0422 y Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p<0,05) Conclusiones: Un programa de ocho semanas de ejercicios de Exergames en personas autovalentes institucionalizadas mejoró el equilibrio y movilidad funcional.

Abstract: Introduction: Older people experience a lower capacity in maintaining and resetting balance throughout the physical performance. During the last decade, video games that imply controlled full body-actions that are known as 'Exergames' have gained popularity as tools to improve balance and functional mobility. KineLabs 3D software is a mini-games series that employs the Kinect platform to rehabilitate patients with brain stroke damage and for senior people training. As far as we know, there are no research studies that use this Exergame currently. Objective: To analyze the effect of an Exergame KineLabs 3D training program regarding the balance and functional mobility in self-sufficient and institutionalized people between 65 and 85 years old. Materials and methods: This quantitative pilot study was carried out in a group of 5 people that attended a 24-session program three times per week. To measure stance and functional mobility, clinical testing such as Berg's balance test, Functional reach test, Unipedal stance test, and Short physical performance battery test were used before and after the intervention. Results: Older people that participated in the program showed a significant difference within all clinical tests made. The results were: Berg Balance Scale p=0,0422, Functional Reach Test p=0,0431, Unipedal Stance Test p= 0,0422 and Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p less than 0,05. Conclusion: The implementation of an eight-week Exergames program enhanced the stance/balance and functional mobility in the participants.

Detecting sporting talents with z-strategy - cross sectional study / Detecção de talentos esportivos com a estratégia z - estudo transversal / Detección de talentos deportivos con la estrategia z - estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to the relationship between early identification of physical and anthropometric characteristics above the population mean in children and adolescents, and success in sports, detecting potential sports talents should be broadly and systematically used as a strategy for the early identification of physical characteristics favorable to the sport in question. However, most studies do not use representative samples, or else they present talent detection without using valid scientific methods. This retrospective, comparative study therefore presents the identification of potential sports talents using the Z Strategy, calculated with anthropometric, neuromotor and physical fitness data. Objective: To identify physical abilities and anthropometric values above what are considered the normal ranges in a population of students in the 8th year of basic education, in Chile. Methods: The sample consisted of 9,429 students from public and private schools (50.9% boys). Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013. Physical fitness and anthropometric data were recompiled through the Educational Quality Measurement System (Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de Educación - SIMCE) of physical education. The "Z Strategy" was used to detect sports talents by identifying values above the population mean. Results: In at least one variable, a total of 619 male and 623 female students with a standard deviation ≥2 (Z2) were detected. Conclusion: "Z Strategy" was able to detect sports talents of both sexes and of different ages. Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.

RESUMO Introdução: Devido à relação entre a identificação precoce das características físicas e antropométricas acima da média populacional em crianças e adolescentes e o êxito nos esportes, a detecção de potenciais talentos esportivos deve ser feita de forma ampla e sistemática como estratégia para a identificação precoce das características físicas favoráveis para o esporte em questão. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos não utiliza amostras representativas, ou apresenta a detecção de talentos sem a utilização de métodos científicos válidos. O presente estudo comparativo retrospectivo, portanto, apresenta a identificação de potenciais talentos esportivos utilizando a estratégia Z, calculada com os dados das variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras e de aptidão física. Objetivo: Identificar as habilidades físicas e os valores antropométricos acima dos níveis considerados normais em uma população de alunos do 8° ano de Educação Básica no Chile. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 9.429 estudantes de escolas públicas e particulares (50,9% sexo masculino). Os dados foram obtidos a partir de um estudo transversal realizado em 2013. Os dados antropométricos e de aptidão física foram recopilados através do Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de Educación - SIMCE de educação física. A "Estratégia Z" foi utilizada para detectar os talentos esportivos ao identificar os valores acima da média da população. Resultados: Em, pelo menos, uma variável, um total de 619 alunos e 623 alunas com um desvio padrão de ≥2 (Z2) foi detectado. Conclusão: A "Estratégia-Z" foi capaz de detectar talentos esportivos de ambos os sexos e em diferentes idades. Nível de evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.

RESUMEN Introducción: Debido a la relación entre la identificación precoz de las características físicas y antropométricas por encima del promedio poblacional en niños y adolescentes y el éxito en los deportes, la detección de potenciales talentos deportivos debe ser hecha de manera amplia y sistemática como estrategia para la identificación precoz de las características físicas favorables para el deporte en cuestión. Entretanto, la mayoría de los estudios no utiliza muestras representativas, o presenta la detección de talentos sin el uso de métodos científicos válidos. El presente estudio comparativo retrospectivo, por lo tanto, presenta la identificación de potenciales talentos deportivos utilizando la estrategia Z, calculada con los datos de las variables antropométricas, neuromotoras y de aptitud física. Objetivo: Identificar las habilidades físicas y los valores antropométricos por encima de los niveles considerados normales en una población de alumnos de 8° año de Educación Básica en Chile. Métodos: La muestra fue compuesta por 9429 estudiantes de escuelas públicas y privadas (50,9% sexo masculino). Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de un estudio transversal realizado en 2013. Los datos antropométricos y de aptitud física fueron recopilados a través del Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de Educación - SIMCE de educación física. La "Estrategia Z" fue utilizada para detectar los talentos deportivos al identificar los valores por encima del promedio de la población. Resultados: Se detectó en por lo menos una variable, un total de 619 alumnos y 623 alumnas con una desviación estándar de ≥2 (Z2). Conclusión: La "Estrategia-Z" fue capaz de detectar talentos deportivos de ambos sexos y en diferentes edades. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio retrospectivo comparativo.

Fibromialgia, atividade física e exercício: revisão narrativa / Fibromyalgia, physical activity and exercise: narrative review

A fibromialgia é uma doença geralmente associada a maior prevalência de inatividade física e a uma diminuição no fitness cardiorrespiratório, o que leva a efeitos negativos na saúde e aumento da morbimortalidade. As evidências atuais indicam que a primeira estratégia de intervenção não farmacológica para essas pessoas é a prática regular de atividade física, e que tanto as atividades físicas aeróbicas, dentro e fora da água, como os exercícios de fortalecimento muscular não aumentam os sintomas da doença e têm efeitos benéficos na saúde física e mental. As recomendações para esses pacientes incluem diminuir o tempo sentado, aumentar o nível de atividade física diária, cumprir a recomendação de pelo menos 30 minutos diários de atividade física de intensidade moderada e realizar, em ao menos dois dias, exercícios de força muscular, para, assim, melhorar a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida.

Prevalência e fatores associados à dinapenia em idosos institucionalizados. Um estudo transversal / Prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia in institutionalized elderly. A cross-sectional study

Introdução: A dinapenia é caracterizada pela redução da força muscular que acontece durante o processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados à dinapenia em idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: Foram avaliados idosos institucionalizados de São Caetano do Sul. A dinapenia foi caracterizada pela reduzida força de preensão manual combinada com reduzida força de membros inferiores. As variáveis independentes avaliadas foram sexo, idade, tempo de institucionalização, medicamentos, satisfação com a vida, depressão, suspeita de deficit cognitivo e número de passos por dia. A análise de regressão logística estimou o odds ratio (OR) com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: A prevalência de dinapenia foi de 36% entre os idosos. Um dos fatores associados à dinapenia foi a pior satisfação com a vida. Idosos com menor circunferência de panturrilha apresentaram maior chance de dinapenia (OR = 2,44; IC 95%: 1,14-5,25); por outro lado, o excesso de peso mostrou-se um fator protetor para a dinapenia (OR = 0,09; IC 95%: 0,02-0,57). Além desses fatores, idosos com alterações nas atividades da vida diária apresentaram maior chance de dinapenia (OR: 3,73; IC 95%: 1,54-9,05). Conclusão: Idosos dinapênicos institucionalizados apresentaram redução nas atividades da vida diárias, na satisfação com a vida e a menor circunferência da panturrilha. Por outro lado, o excesso de peso mostrou ser importante fator protetor para a reduzida força muscular neste grupo.