Body Weight Loss Before Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Predicts Survival Outcomes in Acute Leukemia Patients.

Most acute leukemia patients receive consecutive intensive chemotherapy, which usually takes several months before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Intensive chemotherapy often induces gastrointestinal adverse events. These adverse events leave patients in a state of malnutrition, leading to a reduction in body weight. In this study, we analyzed the impact of body weight loss before allo-HCT on survival outcomes of acute leukemia patients (acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia and mixed phenotype acute leukemia). A loss of body weight (LBW), which was a reduction of body weight from diagnosis or relapse to transplantation, was calculated in 182 acute leukemia patients who received first allo-HCT at our center between June 2006 and September 2019. A receiver operating characteristics curve for nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was plotted for defining the cut-off value of LBW. The cutoff value of LBW was defined as 13.2%. A higher LBW was significantly associated with inferior NRM and overall survival (OS) (2-year [2y] NRM 36.1% versus 11.5%, P = .0025; 2y-OS 39.9% versus 65.8%, P = .020). The adverse impact of LBW was also confirmed in multivariate analyses for NRM and OS (HR of NRM 2.74 [1.25-6.03], P = .0012; HR of OS 2.06 [1.00-3.07], P = .0049). The main cause of death included disease progression (n = 34) and infection (n = 35). Death cause by infection was more frequently observed in the high-LBW group (15 cases [35.7%] versus 20 cases [14.3%]; P = .0035). In addition, subgroup analyses based on a combination of the body mass index at diagnosis and LBW were performed. When the non-overweight-low LBW group (body mass index [BMI] ≤25 and LBW ≤13.2%) was used as a reference in multivariate analysis, the overweight-high LBW group (BMI >25 and LBW >13.2%) showed an increased risk of poor survival outcomes (HR of NRM 4.27 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.82-10.0], P < .001; HR of OS 1.93 [95%, CI 1.00-3.71], P = .050). High LBW was significantly associated with inferior survival outcomes, and the adverse effect of malnutrition might be greater than the favorable effect of the reduction in overweight.

Pre-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Lung Computed Tomography as an Alternative to the Pulmonary Function Test during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The pulmonary function test (PFT) is an important test for risk stratification before allogeneic transplantation (allo-HCT). However, it might be preferable to avoid PFT as much as possible in the recent era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), because PFT requires forced expirations and might produce aerosols, increasing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Therefore, we tried to predict normal PFT results before allo-HCT based on computed tomography (CT) findings. This study included 390 allo-HCT recipients at our center for whom lung CT images and PFT results before allo-HCT were available. Abnormal CT findings were less likely to be observed in the normal PFT group (47.0% versus 67.4%, P = .015), with a high negative predictive value of 92.9%. In a multivariate analysis, normal CT was significantly associated with normal PFT (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 4.97; P = .012). A model for predicting normal PFT was constructed based on the results of a multivariate analysis, and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.656, which gave a sensitivity of 45.5% and a specificity of 86.0%. The relatively high specificity of the model suggested that PFT can be omitted in patients with normal CT findings before allo-HCT.

Effect of Smoking on Outcomes of Allogeneic Transplantation: A Single-Center Analysis.

Pulmonary complications are fatal adverse events after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). On the other hand, smoking is a well-known risk factor for various pulmonary diseases and also increases the incidence of pulmonary complications and overall mortality in allo-HCT recipients. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the impact of smoking intensity on survival outcomes. This study included consecutive allo-HCT recipients at our center between June 2007 and May 2019 whose smoking profiles were available (n = 408); they were divided into high (pack-years >10, n = 171) and low (pack-years ≤10, n = 231) pack-years groups. In univariate analyses, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) were significantly inferior in the high pack-years group (1-year NRM 26.6% versus 13.9%, P < .001; 1-year OS 58.4% versus 70.1%, P = .0067). However, this association was not observed in multivariate analyses. In subgroup analyses according to sex, the survival outcomes in the high pack-years group were significantly inferior in males (NRM hazard ratio [HR], 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23 to 4.07], P = .0082; OS HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.04 to 2.28], P = .031), but not in females (NRM HR, 0.587 [95% CI, 0.241 to 1.43], P = .24; OS HR, 0.689 [95% CI, 0.400 to 1.19], P = .18). In summary, high pack-years were associated with inferior survival of allo-HCT recipients, especially in males.