ABSTRACT
Application of sewage sludge in agricultural lands is a growing practice in several countries due to its numerous benefits to soil and crops, where chemical and pathogen levels are determined by corresponding legislation. However, the presence of contaminants in residues must always be controlled before application due to their dangerous effects over the ecosystem and potential risks to human health. The main objective of this study was to integrate biological and chemical analysis in order to help elucidating the residue potential toxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects. We evaluate samples of sewage sludge before and after the sanitizing treatment with lime in cytokinesis-block assay using CHO-k1 culture cells. The sanitizing treatment promoted a decrease in pathogen levels, which is the main purpose of this process. Even with chemical levels below the established by environmental agencies, results showed sewage sludge ability to enhance genotoxic and mutagenic effects, proving that residue should be handled with caution in order to minimize its environmental and human risk.
Subject(s)
Sewage/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Agriculture/methods , Animals , CHO Cells , Cricetulus , Crops, Agricultural , Humans , Mutagens/toxicity , Soil , Soil Pollutants/toxicityABSTRACT
Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito do óleo essencial do fruto de Schinus terebinthifolius sobre o crescimento micelial do fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro, e no desenvolvimento da antracnose no período de pós-colheita em mamões. As diferentes concentrações de óleo foram diluídas em Tween 80 a 8%. No experimento in vitro foram preparados meios de cultura BDA nas concentrações de 0,05; 0,10; 0,25 e 0,50% do óleo essencial. O controle negativo foi realizado apenas com meio BDA e o controle solvente com meio BDA e Tween 80 a 8%. A inibição do crescimento do fungo foi diretamente proporcional à quantidade do óleo e a maior inibição encontrada foi de 79,07% na concentração de óleo de 0,50%. No experimento in vivo os frutos do mamoeiro foram inoculados com o fungo em quatro tratamentos: com biofilme; com biofilme mais 0,50% do óleo; com fungicida Prochloraz e frutos controle. Embora o tratamento com óleo tenha sido eficiente contra o fungo, não foi indicado comercialmente, pois apresentou valores elevados de perda de massa fresca, de firmeza, e também sintomas de fitotoxidade. O óleo tem propriedade antifúngica contra C. gloeosporioides in vitro e in vivo, contudo, não é recomendado para o mamão em função da fitotoxidez.
This study evaluated the effect of essential oil from Schinus terebinthifolius fruit on the mycelial growth of the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vitro and on the anthracnose development during the postharvest period of papaya fruits. The different oil concentrations were diluted in 8% Tween 80. For the in vitro experiment, PDA culture media were prepared at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50% essential oil. Negative control was prepared with PDA medium alone, while solvent control was prepared with PDA medium and 8% Tween 80. Fungal growth inhibition was directly proportional to the oil amount and the greatest inhibition was 79.07% at 0.50% oil concentration. For the in vivo experiment, papaya fruits were inoculated with the fungus in four treatments: with biofilm, with biofilm plus 0.50% oil, with the fungicide Prochloraz and control fruits. Although treatment with oil was efficient against the fungus, it was not commercially recommended since it presented high values of loss of fresh mass and firmness, as well as phytotoxicity symptoms. The oil has antifungal property against C. gloeosporioides both in vitro and in vivo; however, it is not recommended for papaya fruits due to its phytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/analysis , Anacardiaceae/physiology , Colletotrichum/isolation & purification , Carica/drug effectsABSTRACT
The prevalence and profile of resistance to antimicrobials of Salmonella serovars isolated from raw pork sausage were studied in Lages county, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 125 samples of 12 trademarks were collected in different commercial establishments. Salmonella sp. was present in 12.8 percent (16/125) of the samples and Typhimurium serovar was the most prevalent. Fourteen different antimicrobials were tested and most of the samples showed resistance to sulfonamide and tetracycline (81.2 percent). Eight positive samples (50 percent) were resistant at least to four antimicrobials, being considered as multi-resistant Salmonella. Seven (58.3 percent) trademarks were disagreement with the Brazilian law, representing a risk to the public health. The high level of resistance to the antimicrobials should produce a concern by the pig industry and veterinarians in order to prevent the transmission of resistant strains through the food chain.
Subject(s)
Animals , Drug Resistance , Food Contamination , Meat , Prevalence , Products with Antimicrobial Action , Swine , Salmonella/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The prevalence and profile of resistance to antimicrobials of Salmonella serovars isolated from raw pork sausage were studied in Lages county, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 125 samples of 12 trademarks were collected in different commercial establishments. Salmonella sp. was present in 12.8 percent (16/125) of the samples and Typhimurium serovar was the most prevalent. Fourteen different antimicrobials were tested and most of the samples showed resistance to sulfonamide and tetracycline (81.2 percent). Eight positive samples (50 percent) were resistant at least to four antimicrobials, being considered as multi-resistant Salmonella. Seven (58.3 percent) trademarks were disagreement with the Brazilian law, representing a risk to the public health. The high level of resistance to the antimicrobials should produce a concern by the pig industry and veterinarians in order to prevent the transmission of resistant strains through the food chain.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Prevalence , Products with Antimicrobial Action , Drug Resistance , Food Contamination , Meat , SwineABSTRACT
We describe three patients with chronic, active Epstein-Barr virus infection associated with Kawasaki disease-like coronary artery aneurysms. The Epstein-Barr virus genome was detected in three cardiac tissue samples and one aortic tissue sample examined by means of the polymerase chain reaction. These findings suggest that chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection may play a pathogenic role in the development of coronary artery aneurysms.