ABSTRACT
Fe complexes with bis(imino)pyridine ligands catalyze cyclopolymerization of 1,6-heptadiene in the presence of MMAO (modified methylalumoxiane) co-catalyst to produce the polymer containing five-membered rings in every repeating unit. The complexes with Me, Et, and Cl substituents at the N-aryl groups of the ligand produce the polymer in high yields and in high trans-cis ratio of the five-membered rings. The molecular weights of the polymers, M(n) by GPC, are higher than 6000. The polymerization promoted by the Fe complexes with bulky N-aryl groups of the ligand gives the product in lower yields, and the obtained polymer shows low trans-cis selectivity. Co complex with the ligand having 2,6-diisopropylphenyl groups at the coordinating nitrogen also promotes the cyclopolymerization to afford the polymer with cis-five-membered rings selectively. The polymerization is slower than the Fe-complex-catalyzed reaction, and the rate appears to be independent from the monomer concentration. Cyclopolymerization of the 1,6-heptadienes with phenyl or siloxy substituent at the 4-position is also catalyzed by the Fe and Co complexes in the presence of MMAO. The cyclization during the polymer growth occurs in similar trans-cis selectivity to that of unsubstituted 1,6-heptadiene. The Co complex, with addition of MMAO, catalyzes copolymerization of 1,6-heptadiene and ethylene to yield the copolymer having the trans-five-membered rings in the polyethylene chain, whereas the attempted copolymerization using the Fe catalyst gives a mixture of the homopolymers of the two monomers. The copolymerization by the Co catalyst involves chain transfer via beta-hydrogen elimination of the polymer after insertion of ethylene.
ABSTRACT
The synthesis of donor-acceptor-type 2,5-diarylthiazoles that bear electron-donating N,N-dialkylamine and electron-withdrawing cyano groups at the 2- and 5-position, respectively, were carried out with transition-metal-catalyzed C-H arylation reactions developed by us. The compounds were synthesized by the C-H arylation of unsubstituted thiazole at the 2-position with a palladium/copper catalyst in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as an activator. Further C-H arylation of the 2-arylated thiazole at the 5-position was carried out by the palladium-catalyzed reaction in the presence of silver(I) fluoride to afford the donor-acceptor-type 2,5-diarylthiazoles with N,N-dialkylamine groups of different chain lengths. The UV/Vis absorption, photoluminescence, and electrochemical behavior were similar regardless of chain length, whereas liquid-crystalline behavior and thermal characteristics were found to be dependent on the alkyl-chain length. The compounds with N,N-diethylamine or N-butyl-N-methyl groups showed a stable liquid-crystalline phase over a wide temperature range as well as higher stability to thermal decomposition.
