ABSTRACT
Brachioradial pruritus (BRP) is a relatively uncommon neuropathic dysesthesia localized to the dorsolateral arms that causes unrelenting itching, burning, tingling, or stinging sensations. There is no identifiable cause of BRP to date, though it is thought to be secondary to either cervical spine pathology or exposure to UV radiation (UVR). Gold-standard treatment of BRP remains unknown. This article reviews previously trialed conservative management options, including chiropractic manipulation, acupuncture, physiotherapy, and photoprotection, as well as medical management options that have been utilized to treat BRP, such as medications, interventional pain management procedures, and surgery. We compiled an updated comprehensive list of possible treatment strategies to be utilized by future providers.
Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae , Pruritus , Humans , Pruritus/therapy , Pruritus/drug therapy , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Paresthesia/etiologyABSTRACT
Syphilis is a well-known sexually transmitted infection infamous for its protean cutaneous manifestations. Over the last decade, the rate of infection in the USA has risen, particularly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and certain ethnic groups. Although the primary chancre developing at the site of inoculation usually has typical and well-characterized features, cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis span a wide spectrum and mimic those of other dermatoses. This may be particularly evident in patients with HIV. Such deviations from the expected typical papulosquamous eruption may present a diagnostic challenge and delay diagnosis and therapy. Given the increasing incidence of syphilis among the immunosuppressed patient population, recognition of atypical cutaneous manifestations is critical for adequate management. We review a range of cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis and the skin diseases it may mimic.
Subject(s)
Syphilis, Cutaneous/microbiology , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Syphilis/pathology , Syphilis, Cutaneous/pathologyABSTRACT
Psoriasis is a disease state that may present significant cumulative life course impairment (CLCI). The impact of psoriasis on CLCI can be divided into social factors such as stigmatization, psychological factors such as depression, and physical factors such as pruritis, pain and arthritis. With a bimodal age range at first presentation, psoriasis tends to affect those in the second and fifth decades of life. In accordance with the CLCI model, the age of first presentation may substantially affect an individuals' life course, with younger patients more susceptible to CLCI. Social, psychological, and physical factors also provide protection from CLCI: personality, coping mechanisms, social support, and treatment or therapy may act as positive factors and mitigate these damaging effects. As the time course of most clinical trials encompasses a fraction of a patients' life, the true nature of this impact has not been easily captured. Longitudinal CLCI data in psoriasis is limited and continued life course data is needed.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Cost of Illness , Psoriasis/psychology , Age of Onset , Humans , Longevity , Quality of Life , Self Concept , Social StigmaABSTRACT
Rates of primary and secondary syphilis have increased in the past decade, warranting renewed attention to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Men who have sex with men are particularly affected; however, increases in infection rates have also been noted in women, as well as in all age groups and ethnicities. Physicians need to vigilantly screen high-risk patients. The concurrent rise in congenital syphilis also requires special attention and reemphasizes the need for continued early prenatal care and syphilis screening for all pregnant women. Syphilis infection in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus has also become more common. New experimental diagnostic approaches, including using the B cell chemoattractant chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 13 as a cerebrospinal fluid marker, may help identify suspected neurosyphilis cases. Additionally, point-of-care immunochromatographic strip testing has been suggested for screening high-risk populations in developing countries. Nontreponemal screening tests followed by treponemal confirmatory tests continue to be standard diagnostics; however, interpreting false-negative and false-positive test results, and identifying serofast reactions, can be challenging. Although doxycycline, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin have been used to successfully treat syphilis, penicillin remains the drug of choice in all stages of infection and is the therapy recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Close follow-up is necessary to ensure treatment success.
Subject(s)
Syphilis/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Coinfection , Disease Progression , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Neurosyphilis/diagnosis , Neurosyphilis/pathology , Penicillin G/therapeutic use , Pregnancy , Syphilis/diagnosis , Syphilis/drug therapy , Syphilis, Congenital/diagnosis , Syphilis, Latent/diagnosis , Syphilis, Latent/pathology , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The patient had been treated with topical antifungals and steroids without relief, but a more detailed history suggested a serious infectious etiology.
Subject(s)
Pruritus/etiology , Syphilis/diagnosis , Adult , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/drug therapy , Telangiectasis/diagnosis , Urticaria/diagnosisABSTRACT
The use of acrylics has expanded enormously, resulting in a vast range of products for both occupational and non-occupational purposes. Acrylics reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis in histology technicians are 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethel acrylate.
