ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In previous studies the risk of stroke recurrence has been associated with the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology (non-chicken wing (NCW)), knowing those with a greater risk as malignant LAA. Recently, a simpler morphological classification has been suggested with two categories: Low-risk (LAA-L) and High-risk (LAA-H); which could be easier to apply and may correlate better with the risk of embolic stroke. METHODS: Retrospective analysis from a registry of patients with recurrent cardioembolic strokes despite appropriate anticoagulant therapy, in which LAA morphology was studied with cardiac CT scan. LAA morphology was classified according to the four current categories and H-L morphology by the same cardiologist. Other variables associated with a high risk of stroke were also assessed, such as CHA2DS2-VASc score and left atrial (LA) size. RESULTS: Twenty-six cases were included in the analysis. We identified 22 (84.6%) chicken wing (CW), 1 (3.8%) windsock and 3 (11.5%) cactus by the current classification system, while 15 (57.7%) were classified as LAA-H and 11 (42.3%) as LAA-L by the new system. Half of the 22 cases with CW morphology were considered LAA-H, whereas all NCW were also classified as LAA-H. LA diameter and area were significantly higher in cases with LAA-H morphology (p=0.03 and 0.014), and also in those CW and LAA-H, compared to those CW with LAA-L (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: With this new classification system more than half of the cases of our malignant LAAs were classified as high-risk morphology. This morphology was also associated with an increased LA size.
Subject(s)
Atrial Appendage/diagnostic imaging , Embolic Stroke/etiology , Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Embolic Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Female , Heart Diseases/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The use of the cardiovascular polypill, a fixed-dose combination treatment, is conceived to improve adherence. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may overestimate it. Studies focusing on cerebrovascular disease and real-life efficacy compared with conventional treatment are lacking. METHODS: This is a retrospective, hospital-based cohort study of acute ischaemic stroke patients who were prescribed a polypill (aspirin 100 mg, atorvastatin 20/40 mg, ramipril 2.5/5/10 mg) versus conventional treatment (aspirin 100 mg and other blood pressure/lipid-lowering agents) in secondary prevention (2017-2018). Clinical records were reviewed 90 days after discharge for stroke recurrence, vascular risk factor control, and safety. Adherence was assessed using the adapted Morisky-Green scale. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were included (61% male; mean age 69.7 ± 13.9 years); 54 were treated with the polypill and 50 with conventional treatment. No baseline differences in clinical or demographic variables were detected. No recurrences were registered in the polypill group, compared to 1 recurrence in the conventional treatment group. A significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was achieved in the polypill group (12.1 mm Hg) compared to the conventional treatment group (6.8 mm Hg) (p = 0.002). No significant differences were detected regarding the goal of LDL cholesterol ≤70 mg/dL (41 vs. 44%). The adverse events were mild and their frequency was similar in the two groups (9 vs. 2%, ns). Adherence was similarly good in the two groups (93 vs. 88%, ns). Polypill group adherence was similar to that reported in a previous meta-analysis of RCTs (93 vs. 84%, ns). CONCLUSION: In our experience, the cardiovascular polypill achieved a higher reduction in SBP levels and was well tolerated. Adherence was similar to that found in the previous literature, which is remarkable given the real-life setting of our study.
