ABSTRACT
One of the main criteria which determine the possibility of the use of a particular type of ice-melter reagents (IMR) is the degree of their safety for the environment and human health, which is reflected in the establishment of safe doses and concentrations. In this regard, the current area of research is to improve the ecological and epidemiological principles of risk assessment of modern types of anti-icing agents. Currently available data concerning monitoring soil studies and the snow held in various cities of Russia, show that there is a process of accumulation of the main components of IMR - sodium and chlorine ions in the areas related to the roadway. The article is designated a problem of existing methodological approaches to the assessment of the phytotoxic impact in the investigation of anti-icing agents in the laboratory. There was executed the comparative characteristics of the results of the preliminary pilot studies on the phytotoxic properties of IMR under using different substrates for germination of seeds - soil and filter paper. The data obtained are characterized by differences in the degree of phytotoxic action of the same species depending upon ice-melter reagents methodical setting circuit laboratory experiment. As a result, there was shown the imperfection of the existing method of rapid analysis in relation to ice-melter materials (IMM).
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Freezing , Ice , Plants/drug effects , Snow , Sodium Chloride , Soil Pollutants , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Environmental Pollution/analysis , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Humans , Russia , Sodium Chloride/chemistry , Sodium Chloride/toxicity , Soil Pollutants/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Solvents/chemistry , Toxicological Phenomena , TransportationABSTRACT
In accordance with international approaches the ranking of permissible levels of chemicals in the soil for the Russian Federation was performed with the use of actual maximum permissible concentration (MPC), there were scientifically substantiated 33 standardsfor 26 substances and their combinations in the soil, differentiatedfor 6 groups offunctional areas for soil use. There is presented the algorithm determining the procedure for the establishment of MPC for unstudied chemicals for various functional areas of soil of populated areas, as well as draft of amendments to existing sanitary-hygienic regulations prior to processing the latter in accordance with modern requirements.
Subject(s)
Environmental Illness , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Hygiene/standards , Soil Pollutants , Soil/standards , Environmental Illness/epidemiology , Environmental Illness/prevention & control , Humans , Russia , Soil Pollutants/adverse effects , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Soil Pollutants/classificationABSTRACT
In the paper there is presented a review of existing guidelines and rules of operation of deicing materials (DIM), as well as opportunities for their processing with the aim to ensure the security for the environment and public health. There are described the ecological- hygienic and toxicological properties of chemicals. There are reported results of a pot experiment for the assessment of the impact of DIM on the lawn.
Subject(s)
Ecology/organization & administration , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Hygiene/standards , Motor Vehicles , Public Health/standards , Solvents/analysis , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Humans , Soil/chemistryABSTRACT
The influence of virulent and attenuated strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with defined genomic differences on trace element profile of MARC-145 cells was investigated to elucidate the process of infection in vitro. The concentrations of seven trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn) in infected and non-infected cells were determined. Although viral replication was similar in all cases, there were distinct features of difference in the trace element profiles (changes of concentrations of Ni, Mn, Fe) in infected cells. In particular, cells infected with the attenuated strain of PRRSV (NADC8-251) contained very low level of Ni, compared with its pathogenic counterpart NADC8-252K. The infection with the Lelystad strain also led to a moderately high level of this trace element.
Subject(s)
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome , Trace Elements/metabolism , Animals , Cell Line/metabolism , Cell Line/virology , Iron/metabolism , Manganese/metabolism , Nickel/metabolismABSTRACT
Live and heat-inactivated Artemia salina spores (samples with the same mass and filling density) were exposed to a flow of thermal neutrons from a (252)Cf radioactive source at an equivalent dose power of about 1 microSv/h. Irradiation led to a 4-fold acceleration of nauplius development and to modification of the element profiles of live spores. The difference between absorption/diffusion of thermal neutrons by live and dead spores was revealed.
