ABSTRACT
Bleeding Assessment Tools (BATs) have been developed to aid in the standardized evaluation of bleeding symptoms. The Vicenza Bleeding Questionnaire (BQ), published in 2005, established a common framework and scoring key that has undergone subsequent modification over the years, culminating in the publication of the ISTH-BAT in 2010. Understanding the normal range of bleeding scores is critical when assessing the utility of a BAT. Within the context of The Merging Project, a bioinformatics system was created to facilitate the merging of legacy data derived from four different (but all Vicenza-based) BATs; the MCMDM1-VWD BQ, the Condensed MCMDM-1VWD BQ, the Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire and the ISTH-BAT. Data from 1040 normal adults and 328 children were included in the final analysis, which showed that the normal range is 0-3 for adult males, 0-5 for adult females and 0-2 in children for both males and females. Therefore, the cut-off for a positive or abnormal BS is ≥4 in adult males, ≥6 in adult females and ≥3 in children. This information can now be used to objectively assess bleeding symptoms as normal or abnormal in future studies.
Subject(s)
Hemorrhage/blood , Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Computational Biology/methods , Female , Hemophilia A/blood , Hemophilia A/diagnosis , Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult , von Willebrand Diseases/blood , von Willebrand Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Comparing a patient's bleeding symptoms with those of healthy individuals is an important component of the diagnosis of bleeding disorders, but little is known about whether bleeding symptoms in healthy individuals vary by sex, race, ethnicity, age, or aspirin use. OBJECTIVES, PATIENTS/METHODS: We developed a comprehensive, ontology-backed, Web-based questionnaire to collect bleeding histories from 500 healthy adults. The mean age was 43 years (range 19-86 years), 63% were female, 19% were Hispanic, 37% were African-American, 43% were Caucasian, 8% were Asian, and 4% were multiracial. RESULTS: 18 of the 36 symptoms captured occurred with < 5% frequency, and 26% of participants reported no bleeding symptoms (range 0-19 symptoms). Differences in sex, race, ethnicity, aspirin use and age accounted for only 6-13% of the variability in symptoms. Although men reported fewer symptoms than women (median 1 vs. 2, P < 0.01), there was no difference when sex-specific questions were excluded (median 1 for both men and women, P = 0.50). However, women reported more easy bruising (24% vs. 7%, P < 0.01) and venipuncture-related bruising (10% vs. 3%, P = 0.02). The number of symptoms did not vary by race or age, but epistaxis was reported more frequently by Caucasians than by African-Americans (29% vs. 18%, P = 0.02), and epistaxis frequency decreased with age (odds ratio 0.97 per year, P < 0.01). Paradoxically, infrequent aspirin users reported more bruising and heavy menses than frequent users (21% vs. 8%, P = 0.01, and 56% vs. 38%, P = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide a contemporaneous and comprehensive description of bleeding symptoms in a diverse group of healthy individuals. Our Web-based system is freely available to other investigators.
