Management of lower-extremity venous thromboembolism: An updated review.

According to the 2021 updated guidelines of the American College of Chest Physicians, the location of venous thromboembolism, the severity of symptoms, the risk of thrombus extension vs that of bleeding, and comorbidities all affect the decision to treat, the choice of anti-thrombotic agent, and the duration of therapy. In patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis without high-risk features, monitoring progression is recommended over initiating anticoagulation. However, treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis with anticoagulation is strongly recommended by the guidelines. More evidence now supports the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis with anticoagulation in high-risk patients.

Antiobesity drug therapy: An individualized and comprehensive approach.

Obesity affects 42% of US adults and has a devastating impact on health. Although many patients initially lose weight with diet and exercise, long-term weight loss is difficult to achieve. Pharmacotherapy, as part of a comprehensive plan, can help patients lose weight and avoid regaining it. Choosing an antiobesity drug regimen should be an individualized, shared decision-making process that accounts for patient preferences, comorbidities, and out-of-pocket costs. We review antiobesity drugs and propose an individualized and comprehensive approach to obesity management.

Managing adult asthma: The 2019 GINA guidelines.

Asthma is highly prevalent and sometimes deadly, especially in certain groups. The 2019 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines recommend that all asthma patients be treated with inhaled corticosteroids taken daily or as needed; this improves symptoms and outcomes, even in those with mild disease. Further, asthma management requires a stepwise approach, escalating and de-escalating treatment based on symptom control.