ABSTRACT
Social researchers and epidemiologists, as well as their major institutions and the general public, have been slow to address the racial and ethnic aspects of the AIDS epidemic. Whether measured by categories associated with major routes of infection, age level, gender, or by diminished length of survival, blacks and Hispanics are disproportionately affected by AIDS. Education, care, and outreach efforts based upon stereotypes of gay white males will have to yield to greater attention to cultural differences--and potential strengths--within each of the special "communities at risk." Evidence indicates areas of social resistance along with unique possibilities for change.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Black or African American , Disease Outbreaks , Hispanic or Latino , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Homosexuality , Humans , Male , New York City , Risk Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , United StatesABSTRACT
683 tumour fragments from 63 head and neck carcinoma patients were cultured in vitro. Two laryngeal carcinomas and two salivary gland carcinomas were established into permanent cell lines. Malignancy of these cultured cells was proved by cloning, by chromosomal analysis and by transplantation into athymic (nu/nu) mice. Experiments demonstrating preservation of histological, biochemical and antigenic properties in the tumour models counter the objection that tumour-specific characteristics may be lost.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma , Cell Line , Cells, Cultured , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Animals , Clone Cells , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Methods , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Submandibular Gland NeoplasmsABSTRACT
A 6.6 years old girl is described who shows the typical symptom complex of Fanconi's anemia. Pathogenesis, clinical findings, cytogenetic results, therapy and prognosis of Fanconi's anemia are discussed.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Aplastic/diagnosis , Fanconi Anemia/diagnosis , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Androgens/therapeutic use , Child , Fanconi Anemia/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , PrognosisABSTRACT
Two adult sisters are described. One with a full clinical, hematological and cytogenetic picture of Fanconi's anemia died of monocytic leukemia. The other woman has several malformations and clinical signs which are found in Fanconi's anemia, but does not show any hematological disorder or sign of bone marrow insufficiency. Cytogenetic findings in this case are comparable to those typical cases with Fanconi's anemia. This case is therefore considered to represent a "forme fruste" of Fanconi's anemia.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Aplastic/genetics , Fanconi Anemia/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Adult , Chromosome Aberrations , Fanconi Anemia/complications , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid/complications , Pedigree , RadiographyABSTRACT
Isonicotinic acid hydracide (INH) increases substantially the chromosomal instability in Fanconi's anemia (FA) cells. The same concentrations of INH do not significantly break chromosomes in heterozygous or normal cells. INH does not induce alkylation or cross-links in the DNA, like other mutagens known to increase breakage in FA cells. Possible mechanisms of the effect of INH are discussed. One consequence of this experiment is the possibility of an exact and doubtless prenatal diagnosis of a homozygous FA fetus.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Aplastic/genetics , Chromosomes, Human/drug effects , Fanconi Anemia/genetics , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Adolescent , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Child , Chromosome Aberrations , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes/ultrastructure , MaleABSTRACT
Partial endoreduplication (PE) as defined by Lejeune et al. (1966) has only been found in a few instances. Similar configurations, also called PEs, seem to originate from a different process. A series of 12 PEs is presented in this paper, discovered in metaphases from healthy individuals, and in patients with or without chromosome-breakage syndrome and after treatment with chromosome-breaking agents. Interpretations of the microscopic appearance of each configuration led to the conclusion that there are three different modes of origin for such rare events, one being true partial endoreduplication, the second a partial pseudoendoreduplication, and the third a homologous triradial chromatid translocation.