ABSTRACT
It is aimed to determine expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), CD163 and CD14 in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), and whether these markers may predict prognosis in DLBCL cases. A total of 52 nodal DLBCL, NOS cases with no known extranodal involvement at the time of diagnosis were evaluated. PD-1, PD-L1, CD163, and CD14 were studied by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between the results and clinical and laboratory prognostic markers were investigated. It was observed that patients with PD-1 expression < 5 positive cells/HPF had worse overall survival. No significant relationship was found between survival and PD-L1, CD163 and CD14 expressions. In addition, cases that are > 60 years of age, that have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score ≥ 2, stage IV disease, high International Prognostic Index score score (≥ 3), elevation of LDH, low albumin level, low hemoglobin level, low peripheral blood lymphocyte count, high peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, high peripheral blood platelet/lymphocyte ratio were found to have worse overall survival. It was concluded that in patients with low number of PD-1 positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have low survival rates and therefore PD-1 expression may be useful in indicating prognosis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quantity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cases of Hodgkin Lymphoma of classical type (cHL), and to reveal possible associations between TAM intensity and latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, overall survival, progression-free survival, prognostic indices, and clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 46 cases of cHL with complete clinical records were selected and re-evaluated histopathologically. Staining for CD68 (PG-M1; KP1 clones) and CD163 was evaluated and the cut-off values were defined. Also, all cases were evaluated using the chromogen in situ hybridization (CISH) method with EBER (Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA) probes for the presence of possible EBV infection. RESULTS: It was found that high expression levels of PG-M1 and high International Prognostic Scores (IPS) were associated with shortened overall survival (p=0.047, p=0.013). Cases with 2 or less areas of nodal region involvement were observed to have longer progression-free survival period (p=0.043). Higher expression levels of CD68 PG-M1, CD68 KP1, and CD163 were found to show significant associations with the presence of some clinical parameters such as the presence of B symptoms, spleen involvement, and the presence of EBV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increase of PG-M1+ TAM is associated with shortened overall survival, while higher expressions of all immunohistochemical markers are statistically significantly associated with the presence of EBV infection and clinical parameters mentioned above. These findings indicate that highlighting the TAM rate via macrophage markers in cases of cHL could be helpful in determining the prognostic risk groups and the relevant results should be mentioned in pathology reports.
