[Immune system disorders in acute pyelonephritis. II art].

New information about typical changes in the immune status at both local and systemic level in various forms of acute pyelonephritis is provided in the second part of the review. The literature review and analysis of current national and foreign literature dedicated to immune disorders in various forms of acute pyelonephritis has been performed. The degree and nature of changes in systemic and local immunological parameters in nonobstructive and obstructive, serous and purulent forms are highlighted in details. In particular, it has been established that in patients with obstructive and purulent pyelonephritis, there are more pronounced changes in the serum and urine level of cytokines and complement factors in comparison with serous and non-obstructive pyelonephritis. Recommendations are given on monitoring of the immunological status in patients with various forms of acute pyelonephritis in order to optimize treatment approaches. In addition, the rationales for effective pathogenetic, including specific, immunotherapy drugs for various forms of pyelonephritis are presented.

[Immune disturbances in acute pyelonephritis. Part I].

In the part I of a literature review of modern national and foreign publications dedicated to the problem of immune disorders in acute pyelonephritis, information on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis is summarized and systematized. The relationship between the pathogens and immune system, in particular the ability of pathogens to overcome the protective immune mechanisms are discussed. The role of neutrophilic granulocytes as well as cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis is shown. The changes in level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are separately highlighted. In conclusion, perspective directions for the studies in the area of immune disorders in acute pyelonephritis are proposed.

[Condition of the immune status at patients with the serous and purulent pyelonephritis according].

AIM: Studying of a condition of the immune status on for standard treatment at an acute serous and purulent pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The immune status of 62 patients with various forms of an acute pyelonephritis, randomized on age, sex, the minimum quantity of associated diseases in a remission stage is surveyed. RESULTS: and their discussion. Purulent form of acute pyelonephritis was accompanied by higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In serous form, imbalance in the cytokine system was found. Both serous and purulent forms of pyelonephritis were characterized by the imbalance in the complement system, increased production of immunoglobulins with simultaneous reduction of circulating immune complexes, decreased activity and the intensity of phagocytosis with increased metabolic activity of neutrophils. CONCLUSION: At serous and purulent forms of a pyelonephritis there are differences in an orientation and expression of changes of the immune indicators demanding development of methods of the differentiated immunorehabilitation.