Psychiatric Hospital of Leros: a portrayal of the current situation.

The purpose of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical features of the inpatients currently residing at the Psychiatric Hospital of Leros. The present systematic documentation and presentation aimed to demonstrate the standard of living and healthcare conditions provided today, after the implementation of the State's "Psychargos" program; this is the main Greek Psychiatric reform program, adhering to the principles of deinstitutionalization and community psychiatry, in accordance with the current international guidelines. In addition, we discussed the current relationship between the psychiatric departments of the hospital and the other departments and clinics in terms of providing healthcare services to chronic psychiatric inpatients in full compliance with the biopsychosocial model and its application to the unique case of Leros. The implemented patient profiles incorporated both subjective and objective factors, such as compliance with rules and treatment, self-injury, and harm to others. Furthermore, we quantified and categorized the level of care required for each patient in terms of personnel-reported activities. This parameter was assessed through the Greek version of Katz's Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. Simultaneously, the fundamental actions provided to inpatients by the social care and support services of the hospital were also depicted and categorized, in terms of connection to State social services, communication with the patient's families, and cooperation between the families and the hospital for the patient's healthcare needs. Furthermore, we analyzed and presented all statistically significant correlations found in our patients' characteristics. Briefly, the main results of our study show that the mean age of the 212 patients was 62.4 years old (with a standard deviation of ±13.6 years and the longest hospitalization of 62 consecutive years) including patients from the institution's asylum period. Since 1989, the year when the psychiatric reform began in our hospital, 87 new patients were admitted, 85.1% of whom were from the southern Aegean, thus following the principle of naiveness. Intellectual disabilities and psychotic spectrum disorders were the most common disorders among the total number of hospitalized patients, accounting for 40% in each category. Regarding the 87 patients hospitalized after 1989, psychotic spectrum disorders were diagnosed in the vast majority (58 patients, 66.7%) followed by organic mental disorders (10 patients, 11.5%). The rest were diagnosed with other disorders. Somatic comorbidity and the need for care and services, especially for patients with intellectual disabilities, demonstrate how the Institution now mainly offers psychogeriatric healthcare services. In conclusion, the purpose of this study was to highlight the Psychiatric Hospital of Leros as it stands today, in stark contrast to the long-established, stereotypical depiction of asylums in the scientific and public communities.

Phosphatidylcholine Containing Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids: a Treatment Adjunct for Patients with Anorexia Nervosa?

BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental disorder with a high mortality rate and often a chronic course. In contrast to many other common mental disorders, there is no drug therapy approved for AN. METHODS: We performed a narrative literature review to consider whether a choline-containing molecule, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), with an omega (ω)-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) could be a potential future medicinal treatment for AN. RESULTS: Choline and LCPUFAs have individually shown benefit for mental health. Case series and pilot studies suggest ω-3 LCPUFAs may be effective in eating disorders. However, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic considerations suggest a greater benefit from the combination of both components. CONCLUSION: The combination of a choline-containing molecule with an ω-3 LCPUFA may be clinically effective and well tolerated. This idea is supported by the current literature on the role of inflammation, the microbiome, the gut-brain-axis, hormonal, neurotransmitter and intracellular signalling, and on the structure and fluidity of nerve cells membranes in patients with AN.