ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To improve the stability of the standard stainless steel embolization coil by adding a nitinol wire core. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With use of one coil with a nitinol wire core and one without one, stability and resistance to elongation were measured in vitro. Thirty-one factory-made stainless-steel macrocoils equipped with preshaped nitinol wire cores were acutely deployed into branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in five pigs (part I of the study). Fifteen homemade retrievable coils with thermal shape memory (TSM) nitinol wire cores were acutely deployed in the abdominal aortae or inferior venae cavae of four pigs (part II). Coils with a superelastic (SE) nitinol wire core (n = 9), a TSM nitinel wire core (n = 5), and without a core (n = 5) were compared in carotid embolization (part III). RESULTS: In vitro, the expansile strength of the reinforced coils was significantly greater and elongation was significantly less than the standard coils (P <.01). In part I, coils were easily deployed via diagnostic catheters. In part II, ability to reposition the coils facilitated optimal coil configuration, which resulted in effective self-anchoring and occlusion. In part III, no coils with a SE core migrated, whereas one of five with a TSM core and three of five without reinforcement migrated immediately. The core significantly increased coil stability and postplacement configuration (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of a nitinol wire core increases the intravascular stability of the standard embolization coil by significantly enhancing expansile force and postplacement configuration. The wire core does not adversely affect the handling of the coil. The ability to reposition/retrieve the coil is a desirable feature.
Subject(s)
Alloys , Embolization, Therapeutic/instrumentation , Animals , Catheterization , Equipment Design , Mesenteric Artery, Superior , SwineSubject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Iliac Artery/abnormalities , Iliac Artery/diagnostic imaging , Kidney/abnormalities , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Renal Artery/abnormalities , Renal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Aortography , Humans , Iliac Artery/surgery , Kidney/blood supply , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the importance of a dilated duct pattern at mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammograms obtained in 46 women with histopathologically proved, asymmetrically dilated ducts were retrospectively studied. The laterality and location of the asymmetrically dilated duct, the presence of branching, and associated findings such as microcalcifications, nipple discharge, and interval change were evaluated. RESULTS: Eleven patients (24%) had malignant results (ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma). Among these, six (54%) had suspicious microcalcifications. Nonsubareolar location and interval change are significant (P = .04) variables associated with malignancy. CONCLUSION: Mammographic asymmetrically dilated ducts in a nonsubareolar area that are associated with interval change, suspicious microcalcifications, or both warrant biopsy.
