Infection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (VIH) chez la femme enceinte : etude preliminaire : cas de la Zone de sante rurale de Mangembo et la Cite de Kisantu dans le region du Bas-Zaire (Zaire)

Le sang de 145 femmes enceintes a ete examine par le test PACK ABBOT afin d'etudier le niveau de l'infection par VIH au Bas-Zaire respectivement dans la Zone de sante rurale de Mangembo et a la cite de Kisantu. Les frequences de 2;2 pour cent pour la Zone rurale de Mangembo et 7;2 pour cent pour la cite de Kisantu ont ete observes. La polygamie et le changement de partenaire sexuelle pourraient etre retenus comme facteurs de propagation de l'infection par VIH

Etude comparative du traitement du paludisme non complique chez la femme enceinte en zone endemique (Chloroquine versus Amodiaquine)

Deux groupes de gestantes febriles infectees par Plasmodium ont recu respectivement la Chloroquine et l'Amodiaquine a la dose orale de 25mg/kg en 3 jours. Au 14eme jour; l'echec therapeutique est observe dans le groupe traite a la Chloroquine dans 5;7 pour cent des cas tandis que le succes therapeutique est total dans le groupe traite a l'Amodiaquine. Le prurit et le malaise sont les effets secondaires rencontres imputables a la prise des Amino-4-quinoleines

[A markedly effective combination therapy of 5'-DFUR and MMC in advanced gastric cancer--a case report].

We performed a combination therapy with two drugs, 5'-DFUR and MMC, which proved to be markedly effective in one patient. The patient was 73-year-old female with tumor, advanced cancer gastric lower third portion. Borrmann type 3, an poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Since the patient rejected an operation, the drug therapy was selected. Oral administration of 5'-DFUR 800 mg daily was combined with intermittent intravenous administration of mitomycin C. In 3 years, the cancerous site got scarred and no distant metastasis was observed. Presently, she feels well, receiving an outpatient treatment.

Asparenomycins A, B and C, new carbapenem antibiotics. I. Taxonomic studies on the producing microorganisms.

Two streptomycete isolates, PA-31088 and PA-39504, were found to produce new carbapenem antibiotics, asparenomycins A, B and C. Strain PA-31088 was identified as a new species of Streptomyces and the name Streptomyces tokunonensis sp. nov. proposed. Strain PA-39504 was identified as Streptomyces argenteolus.

Asparenomycins A, B and C, new carbapenem antibiotics. IV. Antibacterial activity.

Asparenomycins (ASM) A, B and C, new members of the carbapenem family of antibiotics, are broad spectrum antibiotics with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. ASM A was bactericidal to both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, although morphological alterations of ASM A exposed cells differed significantly between Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis; with the former ovoidal forms were produced while with the latter elongated forms were seen. Synergistic activities were observed with a combination of ASM A and ampicillin (ABPC) against various ABPC-resistant bacteria presumably as a result of the inhibition by ASM A of beta-lactamases. ASM A showed relatively weak therapeutic activity against E. coli infected mice, because of instability in body fluids, a common property of the carbapenem family of antibiotics.

Water-soluble siomycin-A derivatives. Preparation, chemical structures and biological properties of half-esters of the peptide antibiotic.

The peptide antibiotic siomycin-A was transformed into half-esters with dicarboxylic acids with the intention of making siomycin-A soluble in water. Sodium salts of the half-esters were also prepared. Some of the salts showed antibacterial activities comparable to siomycin-A against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and exhibited better therapeutic effects in infected mice than siomycin-A. The chemical structures of siomycin-A hemiadipate-II and -III were elucidated by comparing their 13C and 1H NMR spectra with those of siomycin-A. Their physicochemical properties are described.

Isolation of L-2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)glycine from micromonospora miyakonensis sp. nov. I. Taxonomic studies on the producing microorganism.

An actinomycete, strain PA-4046, was found to produce a novel amino acid L-2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)glycine in the fermentation broth. Based on the results of taxonomic studies, the strain was identified as a new species of Micromonospora and the name Micromonospora miyakonensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Isolation of N-(2,6-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelyl)-L-alanine from Micromonospora chalcea.

A novel dipeptide, N-(2,6-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelyl)-L-alanine, was isolated from the culture broth of a microorganism identified as Micromonospora chalcea. The dipeptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli on a synthetic medium, and the activity is synergistically enhanced by several cell wall synthesis-inhibitors.

Moxalactam (6059-S), a novel 1-oxa-beta-lactam with an expanded antibacterial spectrum: laboratory evaluation.

Moxalactam (6059-S) {7beta-[2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-7alpha-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-1-oxa-1-dethia-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acid disodium salt} is a new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam derivative for parenteral use. It was highly active against a broad range of gram-negative microorganisms, including those resistant to other cephalosporins. Moreover, it had widely expanded antibacterial spectra which included Haemophilus influenzae, indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis. When a large number of clinical isolates of the above-named bacilli were tested by the agar dilution method, using an inoculum size of one loopful of 10(6) or 10(8) organisms or both per ml, the 70% minimal inhibitory concentrations at the lower inoculum were 0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 25, and 0.8 mug/ml, respectively. Its activity appeared to be independent of inoculum size and addition of serum. In these organisms, morphological response of the exposed cells revealed that the bacteriolytic effect of 6059-S was initiated by a concentration equivalent to the minimal inhibitory concentration. 6059-S was markedly bactericidal to both beta-lactamase-producing and -nonproducing strains of Escherichia coli; this was well reflected by its extraordinary stability to microbial beta-lactamase degradation. Administered subcutaneously in mice, 6059-S attained plasma levels and a half-life similar to those of cefazolin and exhibited potent protective efficacy against systemic infections; it also proved to be significantly more effective than either sulbenicillin or piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and than either cefazolin or cefmetazole against a variety of other gram-negative bacteria.

Isolation of octapeptin D (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XXVII).

A new peptide antibiotic complex, named octapeptin D, was isolated from culture broth of a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. The trihydrochloride of the antibiotic was obtained as a colorless powder, soluble in water and methanol. The empirical formula, C47H88N12O11.3HCl.H2O, was indicated by elemental analysis. Amino acid analysis on the acid hydrolyzate demonstrated the presence of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (4 moles), serine (1 mole) and leucine (3 moles). Gas chromatographic analysis with the methylated product of the ethereal extract of the acid hydrolyzate revealed the presence of beta-hydroxy isodecanoic acid, beta-hydroxy decanoic acid, beta-hydroxy isoundecanoic acid and beta-hydroxyanteisoundecanoic acid. Octapeptin D is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo.

Isolation of tridecaptins A, B and C (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XXIII).

Three new antibiotics, tridecaptins A, B and C, were isolated from culture broths of strains of Bacillus polymyxa AR-110, B-2 and E-23, respectively. All are acyl tridecapeptides differing from each other in the fatty acid components and amino acid residues. They are weakly active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo.

[In vitro antibacterial activity of tobramycin used in combination with cephalothin or carbenicillin (author's transl)].

Combinations of tobramycin (TOB) with cephalothin (CET) or carbenicillin (CBPC) were evaluated by in vitro test against 161 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, indole-positive Proteus, Enterobacter and Serratia marcescens which were not inhibited by 6.25 microgram/ml of CET. The combinations were considered to show synergy when there was a 4-fold or greater reduction in MIC values (FIC index less than or equal to 0.5) of both antibiotics when combined. Synergy of TOB with CET could be demonstrated against 83% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 78% of E. coli, 44% of Proteus rettgeri and 39% of Proteus inconstans. Synergy of TOB with CBPC could be demonstrated against 78% of Proteus vulgalis, 45% of Serratia marcescens and 28% of Proteus inconstans. Bactericidal effect showing synergy of TOB with CET could be demonstrated against each 2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli. Frequency of synergy of TOB with CET under the condition of large inoculum size was significantly higher than that of synergy of TOB with CET under the condition of small inoculum size. Synergy of bactericidal effect of TOB combined with CET against Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli was more active when they were combined at the same time, than those of when TOB was combined after 2 hours exposure by CET or when CET was combined after 2 hours exposure by TOB. No antagonistic action was observed in these studies.

Isolation of two new polymyxin group antibiotics. (Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XX).

Two new members of polymyxin group antibiotics, polymyxins S1 and T1, were isolated from the culture broths of strains identified as Bacillus polymyxa Rs-6 and Bacillus polymyxa E-12, respectively. These antibiotics are strongly basic substances, their hydrochloric acid salts are soluble in water and methanol. They are primarily active against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo though polymyxin T1 exhibits higher activities against Gram-positive bacteria than other polymyxin group antibiotics.

Production and isolation of cerexins C and D studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XVII.

From the culture broth of Bacillus cereus 60-6, in which antibiotic production was improved a new antibiotic, named cerexin C, was isolated. Similarly, a new antibiotic, cerexin D was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus cereus Gp-3. Cerexins C and D are closely related to cerexins A and B in their physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties. In fact cerexins C and D are peptides essentially identical with cerexins A and B except for the presence of a lysine residue in place of the gamma-hydroxylysine residue.

Isolation of a new peptide antibiotic, 339-29 (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XIV).

A new antibiotic named 339-29, active against Gram-positive bacteria was isolated from a strain of Bacillys pumilus. The hydrochloride is soluble in water and aqueous alcohols. The antibiotic is a basic peptide containing valine (3), isoleucine (1), Leucine (2), tyrosine (1), lysine (3) and a fatty acid.

Isolation of a new peptide antibiotic complex, B-43 (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XV).

A new peptide antibiotic complex B-43, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was isolated from a strain of Bacillus circulans. This antibiotic contains aspartic acid, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. It seems to be related to polypeptin and antibiotic complex 4205, but differs in that it contains aspartic acid residue.

Isolation of a new antibiotic 333-25, related to antibiotic EM 49. (Studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus. XI).

A new antibiotic, 333-25, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was isolated from the culture broth of Bacillus circulans 333-25. The antibiotic is a basic acylpeptide containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (5), leucine (2), phenylalanine (1) and a fatty acid. It is closely related to antibiotic EM 49, but can be differentiated by chromatographic behaviour.