ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Tobacco Use Disorder/nursing , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Smoking Prevention , Periodicals as Topic , Nurse's RoleABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and smoking cessation is the only treatment shown to be effective in arresting the progression of COPD. Different epidemiological and population-based studies have shown smokers with COPD to have specific smoking characteristics that differentiate them from the rest of smokers and which complicate smoking cessation. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of drug treatments for smoking cessation in smokers with severe or very severe COPD. METHODS: Smokers with severe or very severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages III and IV) received treatment for smoking cessation. The treatment program consisted of a combination of behavioral therapy and drug treatment. Patients were followed up at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after the quit date. RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-two patients were seen, 65% were male, and their mean age was 58.3 (9.8). They smoked an average of 29.7 (13.4) cigarettes/day, and their mean Fagerström test for nicotine dependence score was 7.4 (2.1). Continuous abstinence rate from 9 to 24 weeks (CAR 9-24) was 48.5%. According to type of treatment used, CAR 9-24 for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline were 38.2%, 55.6%, and 58.3%, respectively. Varenicline was more effective than nicotine patches: 61% versus 44.1% (odds ratio: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.25-3.12; p = .003). NRT was the treatment producing the fewest adverse effects. The onset of psychiatric symptoms due to medication was rare and evenly distributed across groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that smokers with severe or very severe COPD are predominantly males with a high degree of physical dependence upon nicotine. CAR 9-24 was 48.5%. Varenicline and bupropion yielded higher abstinence rates than NRT. Varenicline was more effective than nicotine patches: all types of treatments were safe.
Subject(s)
Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Prevention , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use Disorder/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Benzazepines/administration & dosage , Causality , Comorbidity , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Quinoxalines/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Smoking/epidemiology , Spain , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , VareniclineABSTRACT
IntroducciónEl objetivo del presente artículo es presentar los resultados asistenciales y de gasto farmacéutico de una unidad especializada en tabaquismo (UET).Pacientes y métodosSe aplicaron 2 protocolos asistenciales: individual y grupal. En ambos casos se oferta una combinación de tratamiento farmacológico y psicológico en 10 consultas, a lo largo de 12 meses de seguimiento. Como tratamiento farmacológico se emplea: tratamiento sustitutivo con nicotina, bupropión o vareniclina, o una combinación de ellos. El tratamiento psicológico contempla: realización de autorregistros, identificación de situaciones de alto riesgo, técnicas de afrontamiento, técnicas cognitivo-conductuales y apoyo intratratamiento. En todos los casos el tratamiento fue gratuito.ResultadosSe han realizado 21.418 consultas sanitarias a un total de 3.920 fumadores (un 49% varones). Se analiza una muestra constituida por 1.850 fumadores que acudieron consecutivamente a la UET entre enero de 2004 y marzo de 2007. Su edad media (± desviación estándar) era de 47,83±11,03 años, y la puntuación media del test de Fagerström, 6,56±2,41. El 55,9% recibió tratamiento sustitutivo con nicotina, el 22,8% bupropión, el 18,9% vareniclina y un 2,4% no recibió tratamiento farmacológico. La abstinencia continua a los 6 y 12 meses de seguimiento fue del 58,5 y el 54,9%, respectivamente. Estas cifras fueron del 42 y el 35% a los 36 y 57 meses de seguimiento.El coste en fármacos por paciente atendido fue de 118 , y el coste por fumador atendido que consiguió mantenerse abstinente a los 6; 12; 36, y 57 meses fue de 202; 215; 281, y 338 , respectivamente.ConclusionesUna UET obtiene buenos resultados asistenciales y económicos a corto, medio y largo plazo(AU)
Background and objectiveTo present the short, medium and long-term results of a stop-smoking clinic after 5 years of experience. The clinic was designed following the SEPAR Recommendations.Patients and methodsTwo types of clinic protocols have been applied: individual and group. Both included the offer of a combination of psychological intervention and pharmacological treatment. The programme included 10 visits over 12 months. The pharmacological treatment consisted of: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or bupropion or varenicline or a combination. The psychological intervention consisted of: self-monitoring, copying skills, cognitive-behavioural therapy and social intra-treatment support. The treatment was always offered for free.ResultsA total of 3920 patients were seen in the clinic. These patients made 21,418 clinic visits. The analysis was performed on the 1850 smokers who attended the clinic consecutively. Their mean age was 47.83 (±11.03) and the mean fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND)-score was 6.56 (±2.41). 55.9% patients received NRT, 22.8% bupropion, 18.9% varenicline and 2.4% did not receive any pharmacological treatment. Continuous abstinence rates at 6 and 12 months follow up were 58.5% and 54.9%, respectively. These abstinence rates at 36 and 57 months follow up were 42% and 35%, respectively. The cost in medication for each patient was 118 euros and the cost in medication for a successful abstainer at 6, 12, 36, and 57 months of follow up were 202, 215, 281 and 338 euros, respectively.ConclusionsA stop-smoking clinic that is designed according to SEPAR Recommendations is effective and has a good cost/effective ratio(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smoking , Smoking/prevention & control , Smoking/therapy , Rehabilitation Centers , Rehabilitation Services , Primary Treatment , Smoking Cessation , Health Expenditures , Economics, PharmaceuticalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To present the short, medium and long-term results of a stop-smoking clinic after 5 years of experience. The clinic was designed following the SEPAR Recommendations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two types of clinic protocols have been applied: individual and group. Both included the offer of a combination of psychological intervention and pharmacological treatment. The programme included 10 visits over 12 months. The pharmacological treatment consisted of: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or bupropion or varenicline or a combination. The psychological intervention consisted of: self-monitoring, copying skills, cognitive-behavioural therapy and social intra-treatment support. The treatment was always offered for free. RESULTS: A total of 3920 patients were seen in the clinic. These patients made 21,418 clinic visits. The analysis was performed on the 1850 smokers who attended the clinic consecutively. Their mean age was 47.83 (+/-11.03) and the mean fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND)-score was 6.56 (+/-2.41). 55.9% patients received NRT, 22.8% bupropion, 18.9% varenicline and 2.4% did not receive any pharmacological treatment. Continuous abstinence rates at 6 and 12 months follow up were 58.5% and 54.9%, respectively. These abstinence rates at 36 and 57 months follow up were 42% and 35%, respectively. The cost in medication for each patient was 118 euros and the cost in medication for a successful abstainer at 6, 12, 36, and 57 months of follow up were 202, 215, 281 and 338 euros, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A stop-smoking clinic that is designed according to SEPAR Recommendations is effective and has a good cost/effective ratio.
