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1.
Pathogens ; 12(1)2023 Jan 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36678445

ABSTRACT

The mass occurrence of the sugar beet weevil (Asproparthenis punctiventris, previously Bothynoderes punctiventris) has been endangering sugar beet cultivation in Austria for centuries. Exacerbated by climatic and political changes (warmer, drier spring and limited access to chemical pesticides), new approaches are needed to counter the problem. The aim of our work was to test whether the bioinsecticide Metarhizium brunneum Ma 43 (formerly M. anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESCO 5/F52) can be used as a sustainable plant protection product against the sugar beet weevil. Our goal was to control the pest in all its development stages through multiple applications. Therefore, GranMetTM-P, a granular formulation of M. brunneum Ma 43, was applied in spring to establish the fungus in the soil, whereas GranMetTM-WP, a liquid formulation of the production strain, was used in early summer on trap ditches and leaves to target the adult weevils. Soil and plant samples as well as weevils were collected during the planting season from the trial sites to evaluate the development of the fungus and the mycosis of the treated weevils. In addition, data on hibernating weevils and their emigration from untreated field sites was collected. In all field sites, the Metarhizium spp. abundance increased above the background level (<1000 CFU g−1 soil dry weight) after application of the product. With an increasing number of treatments per plot, and thus an increased contact possibility between pest and the fungus, a rise in the mycosis rate was observed. In conclusion, the various Metarhizium application strategies, which are already available or in testing, must be implemented to ensure control in both old and new sugar beet fields. Metarhizium is a further asset in the successful control of this sugar beet pest.

2.
BMC Plant Biol ; 22(1): 430, 2022 Sep 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36076171

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sugar beet is an important crop for sugar production. Sugar beet roots are stored up to several weeks post-harvest waiting for processing in the sugar factories. During this time, sucrose loss and invert sugar accumulation decreases the final yield and processing quality. To improve storability, more information about post-harvest metabolism is required. We investigated primary and secondary metabolites of six sugar beet varieties during storage. Based on their variety-specific sucrose loss, three storage classes representing well, moderate, and bad storability were compared. Furthermore, metabolic data were visualized together with transcriptome data to identify potential mechanisms involved in the storage process. RESULTS: We found that sugar beet varieties that performed well during storage have higher pools of 15 free amino acids which were already observable at harvest. This storage class-specific feature is visible at harvest as well as after 13 weeks of storage. The profile of most of the detected organic acids and semi-polar metabolites changed during storage. Only pyroglutamic acid and two semi-polar metabolites, including ferulic acid, show higher levels in well storable varieties before and/or after 13 weeks of storage. The combinatorial OMICs approach revealed that well storable varieties had increased downregulation of genes involved in amino acid degradation before and after 13 weeks of storage. Furthermore, we found that most of the differentially genes involved in protein degradation were downregulated in well storable varieties at both timepoints, before and after 13 weeks of storage. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that increased levels of 15 free amino acids, pyroglutamic acid and two semi-polar compounds, including ferulic acid, were associated with a better storability of sugar beet taproots. Predictive metabolic patterns were already apparent at harvest. With respect to elongated storage, we highlighted the role of free amino acids in the taproot. Using complementary transcriptomic data, we could identify potential underlying mechanisms of sugar beet storability. These include the downregulation of genes for amino acid degradation and metabolism as well as a suppressed proteolysis in the well storable varieties.


Subject(s)
Beta vulgaris , Beta vulgaris/genetics , Beta vulgaris/metabolism , Plant Roots/genetics , Plant Roots/metabolism , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/metabolism , Sucrose/metabolism , Sugars/metabolism
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