ABSTRACT
After a minor blow to the neck from the handlebars of a bike, a 5-year-old boy developed a massive subcutaneous emphysema with respiratory distress. Orotracheal intubation was performed. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck and thorax showed a pneumomediastinum and a bilateral pneumothorax. No injury to the large airways was identified. The patient was stabilized by insertion of chest tubes and controlled ventilation. The endoscopic examination of the trachea revealed a tear of the pars membranacea, which was successfully treated conservatively. The specific features of the injury and the airway management are discussed based on a review of the current literature.
Subject(s)
Neck Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Subcutaneous Emphysema/therapy , Airway Management , Child, Preschool , Endoscopy , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal , Male , Neck Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
Myofibrillary myopathies (MFM) are hereditary myopathies histologically characterized by degeneration of myofibrils and aggregation of proteins in striated muscle. Cardiomyopathy is common in MFM but the pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. The BAG3-Pro209Leu mutation is associated with early onset MFM and severe restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), often necessitating heart transplantation during childhood. We report on a young male patient with a BAG3-Pro209Leu mutation who underwent heart transplantation at eight years of age. Detailed morphological analyses of the explanted heart tissue showed intracytoplasmic inclusions, aggregation of BAG3 and desmin, disintegration of myofibers and Z-disk alterations. The presence of undegraded autophagosomes, seen by electron microscopy, as well as increased levels of p62, LC3-I and WIPI1, detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, indicated a dysregulation of autophagy. Parkin and PINK1, proteins involved in mitophagy, were slightly increased whereas mitochondrial OXPHOS activities were not altered. These findings indicate that altered autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis and rapid progression of RCM in MFM caused by the BAG3-Pro209Leu mutation, which could have implications for future therapeutic strategies.
Subject(s)
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics , Autophagy/genetics , Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/genetics , Myocardium/pathology , Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/surgery , Child , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Heart Transplantation , Humans , Leucine/genetics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Mutation , Myocardium/ultrastructure , Myofibrils/pathology , Myofibrils/ultrastructure , Proline/geneticsABSTRACT
Hydatidosis is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus which causes great health and economic losses. The aim of this study was to use the sequencing method to evaluate genotypes of E. granulosus isolated from humans and bovines using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The samples were taken in the East Azerbaijan Province, Northwest Iran. Overall, 26 hydatid cyst samples (10 human and 16 cattle isolates) were collected. DNA extraction was taken from the protoscoleces of human and germinal layer of bovine samples. PCR was performed using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(cox1) gene, and then it was sequenced. Sequences were analyzed for identification of their genotypes. All 16 bovine isolates were recognized as G1 genotypes (sheep strain) and G1B subtypes. Out of ten human host samples, seven isolates were G1B subtypes, and three samples were identified as G3 genotypes. The results of this study showed that G1 and especially G1B are the predominant genotype and subtype in humans and cattle in Northwest Iran.
ABSTRACT
A 39 year old male presented with history of fever and jaundice for 3 months. A liver biopsy showed numerous ovoid fungal bodies around 5 mm in size in the macrophages and Kupffer cells. A diagnosis of hepatic histoplasmosis was made which is an uncommon entity in our country.
Subject(s)
Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Liver Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Histoplasmosis/pathology , Humans , Liver Diseases/pathology , MaleABSTRACT
Oral mucosa is a rare site for cysticercosis. This paper describes eight cases of cysticercosis involving the oral cavity: four in the buccal mucosa, two in the lips, one in the tongue and one in the gums. All of the patients presented with a solitary superficial mucosal nodule, with duration varying from one month to three years. Larval fragments of cysticercus cellulosae on an inflammatory background were seen in cytologic smears in all cases. Diagnosis of cysticercosis was clinically unsuspected in all these cases prior to aspiration cytologic diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Cysticercosis/pathology , Mouth Diseases/parasitology , Mouth Mucosa/parasitology , Adolescent , Adult , Biopsy, Needle , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Giant cell tumor is seen in late adolescence or in the third or fourth decade of life. It arises from epiphysis of long bones, the commonest site being the distal end of the demur and the proximal end of tibia. This paper presents a case report of giant cell tumor of soft tissue.
Subject(s)
Giant Cell Tumors/pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Humans , Male , Paraplegia/pathologyABSTRACT
Giant cell tumor is seen in late adolescence or in the third or fourth decade of life. It arises from epiphysis of long bones, the commonest site being the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of tibia. This paper presents a case report of giant cell tumor of soft tissue.
