ABSTRACT
The COVID pandemic very quickly became the world's most serious social and economic problem. This paper's focus is on the spatial aspect of its spread, with the aims being to point to spatial conditioning underpinning development of the pandemic, and to identify and assess possible socio-economic features exerting an impact on that. Particular attention has been paid to the percentage of positive tests for the presence of the coronavirus, as well as mortality due to the disease it causes. The statistics used relate to 102 countries, with the research for each extending from the time first cases of COVID-19 were reported through to 18 November 2020. The focus of investigation has been the stochastic co-occurrence of both a morbidity index and a mortality index, with intentionally selected socio-economic variables. Results have then been summarized through the classification of countries in relation to the two indices. Highest values relate to Latin America. A significant co-occurrence of morbidity and mortality with GDP per capita has been identified, as values for the indices are found to be lower in wealthier countries. The basic conclusion is that the dependency of the pandemic on environmental and socio-economic conditioning became more complex and ambiguous, while also being displaced gradually as concrete political decisions came to be taken.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , Latin America , SARS-CoV-2 , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Soft and hard tissue in the oral cavity can be the first coexisting place of systemic diseases manifestation. The aim of this study was to report the diagnostic and treatment difficulties in two patients with malignant lymphomas. The first case was a 66-year-old woman who had undergone surgery procedures connected with radiotherapy and chemotherapy because of malignant lymphoma in nasal cavity in 2001 year. In 2002 she was treated in our department after finding tumor in oral cavity, also diagnosed as malignant lymphoma. The second patient was a 58-year-old man who had undergone an operation (surgery) by reason of maxillary inflammation tumor in 2002 year. On the next year he underwent an operation of removal cervical lymp nodes because of malignant lymphoma. In 2004 year he underwent surgery on account of maxillary tumor suspected by malignant lymphoma, which was diagnosed as inflammation. Conclusions. In differentiation tumors of head and neck one should take an account of lymphoma malignant. The similar clinic and radiological symptoms and laboratory results of malignant lymphomas and inflammations of head and neck can cause the late diagnosis and aggravate the prognosis of this severe disease.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Inflammation/diagnosis , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The general enthusiasm connected with sports activities causes that we often forget about threat connected with careless sports activities. The aim of this paper was the evaluation of causes and frequencies of maxillofacial injuries in hospitalized athletes in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in Katowice. Period between 1992-2002 was analyzed. Material consisted of 59 patients in whom injury required hospitalization. In studied material the frequency and causes of maxillofacial injuries in athletes in eleven-year period was examined. Male and female patients were divided in two groups: I--team sports and II--individual sports. In analyzed material injuries of upper part of facial skull were not affirmed. Injuries of upper facial massif overweighed its bottom massif injuries.