[X-ray morphological study of the hip joints in children of pre-school age].

Age characteristics of the ossification of hip joints were studied at the stage of their most active formation in children aged under 6 years using radiographical archive documents (1898 hip arthrograms in direct projection). According to our observations, the ossification of the femoral caput in modern children begins at the age of 3 to 5 months (88.6%--1158 cases), which is earlier than previously reported (from 6 to 12 months). In addition, we have studied in detail all the variants of the ossification of the femoral caput, such as: the fragmented center of ossification (3.6%--68 cases), various sizes of ossification centers on the right and on the left sides (11.4%--216 cases), an eccentric position of the center of ossification in the cartilaginous caput (2.1%--40 cases). Sex differences in the formation of acetabulum roof were described for the first time: the acetabulum angle in girls proved to be 3-4 degrees larger than that in boys (91.9%--1746 cases). Thus, our studies made it possible not only to update the information on the age osteology of this part of the skeleton, but also to define the variants of the individual features of ossification as well as to detect the signs of sex determination in the formation of hip joints in pre-school children.

[Complex radiologic investigation for disorders of defecation in children]. / Kompleksnoe luchevoe issledovanie pri narusheniiakh defekatsii u detei.

The work presents findings obtained by the radial examination of the anorectal area including routine methods such as irrigography and balloon proctography as well as modern technologies such as endorectal ultrasonography with a transducer of high resolution (7.5 MHz) and computed tomography in 250 children with more common syndromes in colonoproctology: constipation and incontinence of feces. Results of the endosonographic investigation of the normal sphincter apparatus in children are described. It is confirmed that endosonography is of great importance for the detection of the isolated intumescence of the anal sphincter. Computed tomography is also necessary for traumas of the anorectal area in children.

[Caval urography in children with large and giant omphalocele]. / Kavaurografiia u detei pri bol'shikh i gigantskikh omfalotsele.

The paper presents the results of using a caval urographic procedure in 37 children with large and giant omphalocele prior to the radical operation displacement of organs from hernial protrusion into the abdominal cavity. High percentages (54 and 96%) of changes in the vena cava and urinary tract, respectively, make the author recommend this procedure for all children with this congenital anomaly. The findings help surgeons choose treatment policy and avoid undesirable complications.

[Causes of recurrence of congenital clubfoot in children and indications for surgical treatment]. / Prichiny retsidiva vrozhdennoi kosolaposti u detei i pokazaniia k khirurgicheskomu lecheniiu.

Unsatisfactory results of the conservative treatment of club foot deformity in 220 patients (346 feet) were analyzed. Data of roentgenograms in 86 patients enabled the authors to make a conclusion that an early cause of recurrent club foot is the delayed formation of nuclei of ossification of the navicular and I sphenoid bones, the later cause of the recurrent deformity is early synostosis of the epiphysis of the metatarsal bone. The importance of dispensary observation ad prophylactic measures after the treatment of congenital club foot is emphasized.

[Changes in the cervical spine in congenital spastic torticollis]. / Izmeneniia sheinogo otdela pozvonochnika pri vrozhdennoi myshechnoi krivoshee u detei.

The authors have examined 19 children with congenital spastic torticollis. Roentgenography of the cervical part of the spine was made in all the patients before operative treatment and at different terms after surgery. The results of the examination suggest that torticollis is responsible for the abnormal function and development of the cervical part of the spine in children. It has been established that in cases with ineffective conservative treatment the early surgical correction must be recommended followed by continuous fixation of the patients' head in the right posture and permanent dispensary control.

[Clinico-x-ray characteristics of hernias of the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm in children]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia kharakteristika gryzhi pishchevodnogo otverstiia diafragmy u detei.

A classification of hiatal hernias has been developed on the basis of an analysis of the clinical picture and rentgenological examination of 63 children. For the diagnosis of hiatal hernias a method of rentgenological and endoscopic examination is proposed. Remote results of the operative treatment within the period of from 1 to 23 years of follow-up observations are favourable.

[Late results of the interintestinal anastomosis condition after congenital obstruction of the small intestine]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty sostoianiia mezhkishechnykh anastomozov posle vrozhdennoi neprokhodimosti tonkoi kishki.

The data concerning the late results of resection of the small intestine carried out for congenital small intestine ileus in 43 newborns are set forth. The results of an experimental study on 75 puppies subjected to resection of the small intestine with application of various anastomoses are covered in the article. The evaluation of late results suggests that end-to-end anastomosis is the best one; end-to-side anastomosis gives fair results, while side-to-side anastomosis is the least physiological one as it results in the formation of big "blind ducts", and the longlasting stasis of intestinal contents in these "blind ducts" leads to the development of various complication. The children, who underwent the small intestine resection, should be under dispensary and periodic clinical observation.

[Clinical x-ray diagnostic characteristics of intestinal perforation in newborn and nursing infants]. / Osobennosti kliniko-rentgenologicheskoi diagnostiki perforatsii kishki u novorozhdennykh i grudnykh detei.

The authors described 49 neonates and infants with perforation of the intestine. The clinical picture of perforation, peculiarities of its diagnosis and the treatment are presented. A special emphasis is laid upon contrastless radiography providing quite a valuable information for the diagnosis.