A High Protein Diet Is More Effective in Improving Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Variability Compared to a Mediterranean Diet-A Cross-Over Controlled Inpatient Dietary Study.

The optimal dietary pattern to improve metabolic function remains elusive. In a 21-day randomized controlled inpatient crossover feeding trial of 20 insulin-resistant obese women, we assessed the extent to which two isocaloric dietary interventions-Mediterranean (M) and high protein (HP)-improved metabolic parameters. Obese women were assigned to one of the following dietary sequences: M-HP or HP-M. Cardiometabolic parameters, body weight, glucose monitoring and gut microbiome composition were assessed. Sixteen women completed the study. Compared to the M diet, the HP diet was more effective in (i) reducing insulin resistance (insulin: Beta (95% CI) = -6.98 (-12.30, -1.65) µIU/mL, p = 0.01; HOMA-IR: -1.78 (95% CI: -3.03, -0.52), p = 9 × 10-3); and (ii) improving glycemic variability (-3.13 (-4.60, -1.67) mg/dL, p = 4 × 10-4), a risk factor for T2D development. We then identified a panel of 10 microbial genera predictive of the difference in glycemic variability between the two diets. These include the genera Coprococcus and Lachnoclostridium, previously associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that morbidly obese women with insulin resistance can achieve better control of insulin resistance and glycemic variability on a high HP diet compared to an M diet.

Epigenetics and Modulations of Early Flavor Experiences: Can Metabolomics Contribute to Prevention during Weaning?

The significant increase in chronic non-communicable diseases has changed the global epidemiological landscape. Among these, obesity is the most relevant in the pediatric field. This has pushed the world of research towards a new paradigm: preventive and predictive medicine. Therefore, the window of extreme plasticity that characterizes the first stage of development cannot be underestimated. In this context, nutrition certainly plays a primary role, being one of the most important epigenetic modulators known to date. Weaning, therefore, has a crucial role that must be analyzed far beyond the simple achievement of nutritional needs. Furthermore, the taste experience and the family context are fundamental for future food choices and can no longer be underestimated. The use of metabolomics allows, through the recognition of early disease markers and food-specific metabolites, the planning of an individualized and precise diet. In addition, the possibility of identifying particular groups of subjects at risk and the careful monitoring of adherence to dietary therapy may represent the basis for this change.

Relación entre los hábitos parafuncionales y las características clínicas de la articulación temporomandibular / Relationship between parafunctional habits and clinical characteristics of the temporomandibular joint

Objetivo: Relacionar los hábitos parafuncionales y las características clínicas de la articulación temporomandibular. Métodos: Se evaluaron 125 pacientes de 18 a 50 años, se diagnosticó la presencia de ruido articular, características clínicas como restricción de la apertura bucal, irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre, dolor de músculos masticadores, dolor articular, facetas de desgastes y hábitos parafuncionales como bruxismo, masticación unilateral y mordedura de objetos. Resultados: El 34% de los pacientes presentaron ruido en la articulación temporomandibular. El bruxismo, presentó relación significativa con restricción de la apertura bucal (p=0,0013), irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre (p=0,0065), dolor muscular (p<0,001), faceta de desgaste (p=0,0048), y no se encontró relación con el dolor articular (p=0,0489). La masticación unilateral se relacionó significativamente con todas las características clínicas evaluadas, restricción de la apertura bucal (p=0,0040), irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre (p<0,001), dolor muscular (p=0,0015), dolor articular (p=0,003) y faceta de desgaste (p=0,0015). La mordedura de objetos no presentó relación con las características clínicas evaluadas. Conclusiones: Los ruidos a nivel de la articulación temporomandibular son frecuentes, siendo el chasquido el de mayor frecuencia. El bruxismo, presentó relación significativa con la restricción de la apertura bucal, la irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre, dolor muscular, faceta de desgaste, y no se encontró relación con el dolor articular. La masticación unilateral se relacionó significativamente con todas las características clínicas y la mordedura de objetos no presentó relación con las características clínicas de disfunción temporomandibular estudiadas. Palabras clave: Bruxismo; Síndrome de la disfunción de articulación temporomandibular; Sistema estomatognático.

Objective: Relate the parafunctional habits and the clinical characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Methods: 125 patients aged 18 to 50 years were evaluated, the presence of joint noise was diagnosed, clinical characteristics such as restriction of the mouth opening, irregularity in the movement of opening and closing, pain of chewing muscles, joint pain, wear facets and parafunctional habits such as bruxism, unilateral chewing and biting of objects. Results: 34% of the patients presented noise in the temporomandibular joint. The bruxism, presented significant relationship with restriction of the mouth opening (p=0.0013), irregularity in the movement of opening and closing (p=0.0065), muscle pain (p<0.001), wear facets (p=0.0048), and no relationship was found with joint pain (p=0.0489). Unilateral mastication was significantly related to all clinical characteristics evaluated, mouth opening restriction (p=0.0040), irregularity in opening and closing movement (p<0.001), muscle pain (p=0.0015), joint pain (p=0.003), wear facets (p=0.0015). The bite of objects was not related to the clinical characteristics evaluated. Conclusions: Noises at the level of the temporomandibular joint are frequent, being the click the most frequent. The bruxism, presented significant relationship with the restriction of the oral opening, the irregularity in the movement of opening and closing, muscle pain, wear facets, and no relation was found with joint pain. The unilateral mastication was significantly related to all the clinical characteristics and the bite of objects was not related to the clinical characteristics of temporomandibular dysfunction studied. Keywords: Bruxism; Stomatognathic system; Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.

Niveles de ansiedad y su relación con los trastornos temporomandibulares / Anxiety levels and their relationship to temporomandibular disorders

El diagnóstico de los trastornos temporomandibulares es un tema muy controvertido dentro del campo de la salud, desde una perspectiva psicológica son muy escasas las referencias en este sentido, sobretodo las enfocadas a analizar los niveles de ansiedad en estos pacientes. En los últimos años se han realizado diferentes investigaciones que validan la inclusión de factores psicológicos como parte de la etiología del diagnóstico, dentro de los factorespsíquicos más asociados se presentan la ansiedad como rasgo y la ansiedad como estado. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una revisión sobre la relación existente entre los niveles de ansiedad y los trastornos temporomandibulares.

The diagnosis of temporomandibulardisorders is very controversial within the fieldof health issue, from a psychological perspectiveare very few references in this regard,especially focused on analyzing anxiety levelsin these patients. In recent years there have beenvarious studies that validate the inclusionof psychological factors as part of the etiology,diagnosis, within the psychological factorsmost associated trait anxiety and state anxietyas presented. The purpose of this paper is topresent a review of the relationship betweenanxiety levels and temporomandibular disorders.

Necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico según severidad de maloclusión en pacientes adultos / Need for orthodontic treatment according to severity of malocclusion in adult patients

Objetivo: Determinar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico según severidad de maloclusión aplicando el Índice Estético Dental (DAI) en pacientes adultos del Hospital Universitario Odontológico de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional transversal en 154 pacientes de 18 a 65 años, se conformaron dos grupos etarios adultos jóvenes y maduros, a través del DAI se evaluó la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico según severidad de maloclusión y se analizó su significancia estadística con sexo y grupo etario. Resultados: el 70% de los pacientes estudiados presentó necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en diferentes grados de severidad de maloclusión, en el 43% de los casos el tratamiento es obligatorio. Se encontró la mayor severidad de maloclusión en el sexo masculino y en adultos maduros. Conclusión: La maloclusión muy severa fue la más prevalente, siendo mayor la necesidad de tratamiento en adultos maduros de sexo masculino.

Objective: To determine the need for orthodontic treatment according to severity of malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) in adult patients University Hospital Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of the Northeast (UNNE). Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 154 patients aged 18 to 65, two age groups, young and mature adults were formed through the DAI the need for orthodontic treatment was evaluated according to severity of malocclusion and analyzed with statistical significance sex and age group. Results: 70% of the patients studied had need for orthodontic treatment in different degrees of severity of malocclusion in 43% of cases treatment is mandatory. The greater severity of malocclusion in males and mature adults were found. Conclusion: The severe malocclusion was the most prevalent, with a greater need for treatment in mature adult males.

Validación de la Sonda Milimetrada como Instrumento de medida del Índice Estético Dental / Validation of the calibrated probe as measuring Dental Aesthetic Index

Objetivo: Comparar los valores obtenidos con sonda milimetrada y compás de punta seca como instrumentos de medida en la aplicación del Índice Estético Dental (DAI). Metodología: En 50 pacientes mayores de 12 años con dentición permanente, del Hospital Odontológico de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), se midieron las variables que componen el DAI, alternando ambos instrumentos de medición y se calculó el DAI. Resultados: En un 86 % de los casos ambos instrumentos arrojaron valores idénticos para las variables del DAI y en el 14 % restante las variaciones no superaron el mm. La correlación entre la puntuación final del DAI, midiendo las variables con sonda milimetrada y con compás de punta seca, fue estadísticamente significativa (r= 0,999). Conclusión: Las variaciones entre las medidas no influyeron en la puntuación final del índice lo que valida a la sonda milimetrada como instrumento de registro para el cálculo del DAI.

Objective: Compare the values obtained with calibrated probe and with drypoint compass as measuring instrument in implementing the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Methodology: In 50 patients over 12 years with permanent dentition from ofDental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry UNNE,were measured the variables that built the DAI, alternating both measuring instruments and estimated the DAI. Results: In 86% of cases both instruments yielded identical values for the DAI variables and the remaining 14% did not exceed one mm. The correlation between the final score of the DAI, measuring variables with calibrated probe and drypoint compass, was statistically significant (r = 0.999). Conclusions: Variations between measures not influence the final score of the indexvalidates the calibrated probe as a tool of registration for calculating the DAI.

Multielement analysis of argentinean lemon juices by instrumental neutronic activation analysis and their classification according to geographical origin.

Multielement analysis of lemon juices from different Argentinean regions was carried out by instrumental neutronic activation analysis (INAA) with the aim at developing a reliable method in the traceability of the origin of lemon juices. This work presents a characterization of 44 lemon juice samples selected from three different geographical origins in the Northwest region of Argentina. Multivariate chemometric techniques such principal component analysis and lineal discriminant analysis (LDA) were used with the aim of classifying the juices and identifying the most significant parameters. Eleven elements were determined (Br, As, Na, Rb, La, Cr, Sc, Fe, Co, Zn, and Sb). The analytical method was validated by analyzing the standard reference material IAEA V-10 (hay powder); the results are within +/-10% of the reported values for the majority of the elements. Biplots of LDA scores for the INAA data illustrate clear separation between each sample.