Timeline Kinetics of Systemic and Airway Immune Mediator Storm for Comprehensive Analysis of Disease Outcome in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

In the present study, the levels of serum and airway soluble chemokines, pro-inflammatory/regulatory cytokines, and growth factors were quantified in critically ill COVID-19 patients (total n=286) at distinct time points (D0, D2-6, D7, D8-13 and D>14-36) upon Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Augmented levels of soluble mediators were observed in serum from COVID-19 patients who progress to death. An opposite profile was observed in tracheal aspirate samples, indicating that systemic and airway microenvironment diverge in their inflammatory milieu. While a bimodal distribution was observed in the serum samples, a unimodal peak around D7 was found for most soluble mediators in tracheal aspirate samples. Systems biology tools further demonstrated that COVID-19 display distinct eccentric soluble mediator networks as compared to controls, with opposite profiles in serum and tracheal aspirates. Regardless the systemic-compartmentalized microenvironment, networks from patients progressing to death were linked to a pro-inflammatory/growth factor-rich, highly integrated center. Conversely, patients evolving to discharge exhibited networks of weak central architecture, with lower number of neighborhood connections and clusters of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. All in all, this investigation with robust sample size landed a comprehensive snapshot of the systemic and local divergencies composed of distinct immune responses driven by SARS-CoV-2 early on severe COVID-19.

Comparison of International Consensus Conference guidelines and WIND classification for weaning from mechanical ventilation in Brazilian critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study.

The knowledge of weaning ventilation period is fundamental to understand the causes and consequences of prolonged weaning. In 2007, an International Consensus Conference (ICC) defined a classification of weaning used worldwide. However, a new definition and classification of weaning (WIND) were suggested in 2017. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence and clinical relevance of weaning according to ICC and WIND classification in an intensive care unit (ICU) and establish which of the classifications fit better for severely ill patients. This study was a retrospective cohort study in an ICU in a tertiary University Hospital. Patient data, such as population characteristics, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, weaning classification, mortality, SAPS 3, and death probability, were obtained from a medical records database of all patients, who were admitted to ICU between January 2016 and July 2017. Three hundred twenty-seven mechanically ventilated patients were analyzed. Using the ICC classification, 82% of the patients could not be classified, while 10%, 5%, and 3% were allocated in simple, difficult, and prolonged weaning, respectively. When WIND was used, 11%, 6%, 26%, and 57% of the patients were classified into short, difficult, prolonged, and no weaning groups, respectively. Patients without classification were sicker than those that could be classified by ICC. Using WIND, an increase in death probability, MV days, and tracheostomy rate was observed according to weaning difficult. Our results were able to find the clinical relevance of WIND classification, mainly in prolonged, no weaning, and severely ill patients. All mechanically ill patients were classified, even those sicker with tracheostomy and those that could not finish weaning, thereby enabling comparisons among different ICUs. Finally, it seems that the new classification fits better in the ICU routine, especially for more severe and prolonged weaning patients.

Caracterização das intervenções de Fisioterapia em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto: uma proposta de classificação / Characterization of physiotherapy interventions in an adult intensive care unit: a classification proposal

O planejamento de recursos humanos se constitui em uma função estratégica e um processo contínuo e interativo no contexto do gerenciamento das instituições de saúde. Na área da Fisioterapia, estudos orientadores para composição do quadro de trabalhadores são escassos e as publicações dos dispositivos legais evidenciam que os mesmos estão apoiados no julgamento de profissionais, com base em suas experiências e intuições. Para um dimensionamento adequado de fisioterapeutas, particularmente no âmbito da terapia intensiva, faz-se necessária uma revisão de processo de trabalho, para a identificação das atividades específicas desses profissionais. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as intervenções/atividades do fisioterapeuta em unidades de tratamento intensivo, como variável do dimensionamento de trabalhadores de Fisioterapia. O método utilizado foi descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. As atividades de Fisioterapia foram levantadas por meio de revisão bibliográfica realizada sem limite para ano de publicação. O resultado identificou 69 atividades consideradas específicas do fisioterapeuta, que foram classificadas por meio da técnica de mapeamento cruzado, em linguagem padronizada proposta pela Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem - Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). As atividades foram mapeadas e resultaram em 4 domínios, 13 classes, 52 intervenções e 458 atividades segundo a NIC, concentradas nos Domínios Fisiológico Básico (46,1%), Fisiológico Complexo (44,2%), Segurança (5,8%) e Sistema de Saúde (3,9%). As atividades que englobaram o domínio Fisiológico Básico, compuseram quatro classes, com destaque para Classe A (controle de atividade e do exercício) que compreendeu 9 intervenções, seguida da Classe E (promoção do conforto físico) com 8 intervenções. As atividades encontradas no Domínio Fisiológico Complexo foram identificadas em cinco classes, com predomínio da classe K, que abrange o controle respiratório e contemplou 13 intervenções (56,5%) e a classe G, controle eletrolítico e acidobásico, com 6 intervenções (26,1%). Do total das atividades elencadas, 47,8%, estão contidas em apenas duas classes, sendo elas A e K, representando as duas grandes áreas de atuação desses profissionais, a Fisioterapia motora e a Fisioterapia respiratória respectivamente. O conjunto de intervenções/atividades identificados permitiu a construção de um instrumento contendo 51 intervenções e 172 atividades identificadas como aquelas com maior representatividade do cotidiano do trabalho do fisioterapeuta no ambiente da UTI. Tal ferramenta representa uma possibilidade concreta de se estudar com profundidade o processo de trabalho do fisioterapeuta nas unidades críticas, com objetivo de resguardar sua prática profissional e direcionando para uma perspectiva de estudos futuros sobre dimensionamento de quadro dessa categoria profissional

Human resource planning is a strategic function and a continuous and interactive process in the context of the management of health institutions. In the area of Physiotherapy, guidelines for the composition of the workers staff are scarce, and the publications of legal devices show that they are based on the judgment of professionals, based on their experiences and intuitions. For an adequate design of physiotherapists, particularly in the context of intensive care, it is necessary to review the work process to identify the specific activities of these professionals. The aim of this research was to identify the interventions/activities of the physiotherapist in intensive care units as a variable for the design of physiotherapy workers. The method used was descriptive, exploratory, with a quantitative approach. The physiotherapy activities were performed through a bibliographic review carried out without limit for the year of publication. The result identified 69 activities considered specific to the physiotherapist, which were classified using the cross-mapping technique, in a standardized language proposed by the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). The activities were mapped and resulted in 4 domains, 13 classes, 52 interventions and 458 activities, according to NIC, concentrated in the areas Basic Physiological (46.1%), Complex Physiological (44.2%), Safety (5.8%) and Health System (3.9%). The activities encompassing Basic Physiological domains comprised four classes, with emphasis on class A (activity and exercise control), which comprised 9 interventions, followed by class E (promotion of physical comfort), with 8 interventions. The activities found in the Complex Physiological domain were identified in five classes, with predominance of class K, which encompasses respiratory control and contemplated 13 interventions (56.5%), and class G, regarding electrolytic and acid-base control, with 6 interventions (26.1%). Of the total activities listed, 47.8% are contained in only two classes, A and K, representing the two major areas of activity of these professionals: motor physiotherapy and respiratory physiotherapy, respectively. The set of interventions/activities identified allowed the construction of an instrument containing 51 interventions and 172 activities identified as those with greater representation of the daily work of the physiotherapist in the ICU environment. Such tool represents a concrete possibility to study in depth the work process of the physical therapist in the critical units, with the purpose of safeguarding their professional practice and directing to a perspective of future studies on the dimensioning of the professional category