Untargeted metabolomic profile of recovered bioactive compounds by subcritical water extraction of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) pomace.

The untargeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the chemical profiles of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) pomace extracts. The effect of drying the raw material before subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different temperatures on the yield, phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained via Soxhlet and the findings suggest that SWE saves time (15 min) and solvent for extracting valuable components as compared to Soxhlet (6 h). An increase in temperature significantly improved the extraction yield (23.9 to 33.4 %), phenolic content (119.1 to 362 mgGAEg-1), and antioxidant activity, and higher values were obtained with SWE as compared to Soxhlet. The most abundant compounds detected by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS were ascorbic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. The investigation of different moisture contents in the SWE showed promising results for eliminating the drying operation, saving time and energy, and obtaining highly concentrated phenolic-rich by-products.

Intensified green-based extraction process as a circular economy approach to recover bioactive compounds from soursop seeds (Annona muricata L.).

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) seeds, which is a residue obtained from juice agro-industries, were subjected to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) in single or combined mode to extract the potential value-added compounds. Different extraction methods were evaluated in terms of the extraction yield, phenolics content, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and Maillard reaction products. The extracts were analyzed using SEM, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS techniques. The temperature and a combination of high-pressure techniques positively affected the overall results (SFE + SWE), affording nonpolar and polar extracts rich in phenolics and antioxidant compounds. SEM analysis showed that the use of SFE caused modifications in the cell wall, and the oil fraction was rich in fatty acids. Twenty-nine compounds associated with soursop seed extracts were detected for the first time using LC-MS/MS, showing the potential of the raw material as well as promoting resource re-utilization in circular economy.

Influence of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant Activity of Enriched Apple Snacks with Grape Juice.

Fruits are sources of bioactive compounds (BACs), such as polyphenols. This research aimed to study the in vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenols from enriched apple snacks with grape juice and determine their antioxidant capacity. Impregnation (I) treatments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and in a vacuum (IV) at 30, 40, and 50 °C and their combinations with ohmic heating (OH), I/OH, and IV/OH. Later, samples were dehydrated by forced convection at 40, 50, and 60 °C. Enriched samples were subjected to in vitro digestion. The total polyphenols, monomeric polyphenols, and antioxidant activities were determined from recovered extracts. Results showed that total polyphenols present in higher concentrations in the gastric phase, 271.85 ± 7.64 mg GAE/100 g d.m. Monomeric polyphenols' behavior during in vitro digestion for the VI/OH 50 °C and dried treatment (60 °C) was descending, mainly in quercetin, which decreased by 49.38% concerning the initial concentration, before digestion. The cyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin decreased by 26.66%, 20.71%, 23.38%, and 21.73%, respectively. Therefore, based on obtained results, the IV/OH 50 °C treatment (dried 60 °C) is the best combination to incorporate polyphenols from grape juice.

Optimization of green PLE method applied for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) shell.

Buriti fruit, with high content in carotenoids and antioxidant compounds, is well appreciated for its organoleptic characteristics. However, its shell, an agroindustrial residue, is mostly discarded. Therefore, to verify the technological potential of the buriti shells, the aim of this this study was to evaluated the antioxidant potential of the extracts from buriti shell obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ethanol/water mixtures. PLE optimization was performed by response surface methodology, with all results maximized at the conditions of 71.21 °C and with 91.58% of ethanol. The yields values varied from 16.82 to 25.16%, total carotenoids from 23.38 to 1056.59 µg ß-carotene equivalent g-1, total phenolic content from 143.37 to 172.02 mg Gallic acid equivalent g-1, DPPH from 31.04 to 48.62 µg.mL-1, and ABTS from 1.87 to 2.70 mmol TEAC. g-1. Therefore, considering the lack of studies about buriti shell, the present work provides valuable results that confirm the PLE relevance to enhance the value of this neglected material.

Efeito da temperatura de secagem na qualidade de grãos de aveia branca / Effect of drying temperature on the quality of white oat grains

Objetivou-se, com o trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem na qualidade física, química e biológica de grãos de aveia branca da cultivar Albasul. Grãos de aveia (Avena sativa L.) foram submetidos à secagem estacionária com temperaturas de 25, 50, 75 e 100 ºC até a umidade de 13 por cento, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Nas amostras, foram determinados peso volumétrico, peso de 1000 grãos, germinação e vigor. Os grãos de aveia foram submetidos ao descascamento, moagem em granulometria inferior a 0,5 mm e avaliadas quanto a composição centesimal, atividade residual das enzimas lipase e peroxidase, cor e teor de beta-glicanas. O aumento de temperatura do ar de secagem intensificou a redução da qualidade biológica, expressa por meio do poder germinativo e vigor, além de provocar reduções no peso de 1000 grãos e peso volumétrico. As condições de secagem não foram suficientes para inativar as enzimas lipase e peroxidase, embora tenham provocado reduções nas suas atividades. Na secagem realizada com temperatura do ar superior a 75 ºC ocorreu redução significativa no teor de beta-glicanas.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of different air drying temperatures upon the physical, chemical and biological quality of white oat grains, Albasul cultivar. Oat grains (Avena sativa L.) were submitted to stationary drying at 25, 50, 75 and 100 ºC until 13 percent of moisture, in totally randomized arrangement. In the samples, volumetric weight, weight of 1000 grains, germination and vigor were determined. The oats grains were husked, grounded at granulometry inferior to 0.5 mm, and analyzed according to centesimal composition, residual activity lipase and peroxidase, color and content of â-glucans. Increasing the temperature of drying air intensified the reduction of biological quality, expressed through germinative power and vigor, and also led to a decrease in weight of 1000 grains and volumetric weight. The drying conditions were not sufficient to deactivate lipase and peroxidase, although they reduced enzymatic activity. Drying with air temperature above 75 ºC showed significant decrease in the â-glucans.

Umidade de colheita, métodos de secagem e tempo de armazenamento na qualidade tecnológica de grãos de trigo (cv. 'Embrapa 16') / Harvest moisture, drying methods and storage period on the technological quality of wheat grains (cv. 'Embrapa 16')

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os sistemas umidades de colheita e métodos de secagem em função do período de armazenamento sobre a conservabilidade e qualidade tecnológica de trigo. Grãos de trigo (Triticum aestivum L), cultivar 'Embrapa 16', produzidos na Granja Bretanhas, município de Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), safra agrícola de 1997/1998, foram colhidos secos naturalmente nas próprias plantas (14 por cento de umidade), com 16 e 18 por cento de umidade. As amostras colhidas com umidade de 16 e 18 por cento foram submetidas à secagem artificial pelo método intermitente, com ar a 70°C; estacionário, com ar a 45°C; e estacionário, com ar sem aquecimento. Os grãos secos foram armazenados em sistema convencional, pelo período de 12 meses, com a realização de avaliações a cada quadrimestre. O trigo colhido seco na planta apresentou qualidade tecnológica inferior e menor conservabilidade ao armazenamento em comparação com o trigo colhido com umidade superior a 14 por cento e seco em secador artificial.

The objective of this research was to study the harvest moisture and drying method systems as a function to storage period on the conservability and technological quality of wheat. Grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L), cultivar 'Embrapa 16', produced in the Granja Bretanhas, in Jaguarão, RS, agricultural harvest of 1997/1998 were harvested dry in the plant (14 percent of moisture), with 16 and 18 percent of moisture. The samples harvested with moisture of 16 and 18 percent were submitted to artificial drying by intermittent method, with air at 70°C, stationary, with air at 45°C; and stationary, at room temperature. The grains were stored in a conventional system, during 12 months, with the realization of evaluations at 4 month intervals. Wheat grains harvested dry shown inferior technological quality and conservability in storage as compared to harvested with moisture above 14 percent and dry at artificial dryer.