["Good intentions are not enough": analysis of a health policy for the elderly in Senegal]. / "les bonnes intentions ne suffisent pas": analyse d'une politique de santé pour les personnes agées au sénégal.

In 2006, the Senegalese government introduced the "Plan Sésame", an unprecedented policy in West Africa aimed at reducing social vulnerability among the elderly (i.e. people aged over 60 years). This paper examines the process of implementation of the "Plan Sdsame': Using a qualitative approach, the study was based on a unique case study authorized by the Senegalese Ministry of Health. Three methods were used: i) individual interviews (n = 19), ii) discussion groups (n = 24), and iii) documentary study. Despite its social objective, the "Plan Sésame" was ultimately limited to free health care. However, even the health component of the plan has suffered from under funding. Political obstacles, inadequate accompanying measures and short staffing have resulted in late reimbursements at a local level, thus limiting the implementation of the plan. While both health professionals and elderly people are in favor of free healthcare, they are also critical of the implementation issues surrounding the "Plan Sésame": Although it appears to be a viable solution, these issues may spell the end of the plan. The task of designing solid technical foundations and developing appropriate accompanying measures should not be overlooked because of the limited interest of international partners in the "Plan Sésame" the national dimension of the plan and its electoral importance.

[Doing more to earn more: cesarean sections based on three cases of exemption from payment in Senegal]. / « En faire plus, pour gagner plus ¼ : la pratique de la césarienne dans trois contextes d'exemption des paiements au Sénégal.

In 2007, the number of caesarean sections performed in Senegal increased by 124% compared to the number of caesarean sections recorded before the introduction of a C-section funding initiative in 2006. The rate of increase varies in different regions and hospitals, with some hospitals performing caesarean sections in over 50% of deliveries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main reasons for high hospital caesarean section rates (i.e. above the national average) based on three cases of exemption from payment. The study is based on a qualitative method involving semi-structured interviews with healthcare and administrative staff and pregnant women in three healthcare institutions and interviews with central health authorities. Research indicates that high caesarean section rates are not directly linked to the C-section subsidy policy introduced in 2006. The perception of caesarean rates is more closely linked to the perception of population rates among healthcare professionals than to the perception of institutional (hospital) rates. Since population rates are very low, healthcare professionals tend to perform more caesarean sections. Among management staff, the financial returns of high caesarean section rates (in the three levels of exemption) represent a significant motivation for encouraging healthcare professionals to perform more C-sections. Despite these high rates, a normative discourse was found to be held by healthcare professionals, who tend to consider that their practices are aimed exclusively at saving the mother or the child. However, in the long term, high caesarean section rates may result in an increase of maternal deaths and go against MDG 5, aimed at reducing maternal mortality by 3/4 by 2015.