ABSTRACT
The management of adolescents living with HIV represents a particular challenge in the global response to HIV. The challenges specific to this age group include difficulties engaging and maintaining them in care, challenges with transition to adult care, and limited therapeutic options for treatment-experienced patients, all of which have been jeopardized by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper summarizes some of the challenges in managing adolescents living with HIV, as well as some of the most recent and innovative therapeutic approaches in this population.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Humans , Adolescent , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Pandemics , Medication AdherenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo. While reference sickle cell centers have been implemented in capital cities of African countries and have proven to be beneficial for SCD patients. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, they have never been set up in remote areas for families with low or very low sources of income. METHOD: A cohort of 143 children with SCD aged 10 years old (IQR (interquartile range): 6-15 years) (sex ratio male/female = 1.3) were clinically followed for 12 months without any specific intervention aside from the management of acute events, and then for 12 months with a monthly medical visit, biological follow-up, and chemoprophylaxis (folic acid/penicillin), adequate fluids and malaria prevention. RESULTS: The median age of patients at the diagnosis of SCD was 2 years (IQR: 1-5). The implementation of standardized and regular follow-ups in a new sickle cell reference center in a remote city showed an increase in the annual mean hemoglobin level from 50 to 70 g/L (p = 0.001), and a decrease in the lymphocyte count and spleen size (p < 0.001). A significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the average annual number of hospitalizations and episodes of vaso-occlusive crises, blood transfusions, infections, and acute chest syndromes were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of a sickle cell reference center and the regular follow-up of children with sickle cell disease are possible and applicable in the context of a remote city of an African country and represent simple and accessible measures that can reduce the morbimortality of children with sickle cell disease.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sickle Cell , Africa , Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy , Blood Transfusion , Child , Child, Preschool , Congo/epidemiology , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is a major public health issue in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), but it is still poorly understood by health professionals. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of Congolese physicians treating sickle cell disease (SCD), in order to identify the areas for improvement in clinical care. METHODS: This was a descriptive observational study conducted among Congolese physicians using a questionnaire. Participants were evaluated using a pre-established answer grid. RESULTS: A total of 460 physicians participated, including 81 women (18%), with an average age of 35 years (range 25-60 years). Most physicians were general practitioners. Although self-assessment of their level of knowledge on SCD was estimated as average to good, less than half of the participants (n = 460; 46%) reported adequate management of vaso-occlusive crises, and only 1% of them had received specific training on SCD. Most physicians reported difficulties both in terms of diagnostic (65%) and management (79%) options of SCD patients. This study also showed that 85% of these physicians did not have access to the diagnostic tools for SCD. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient knowledge on SCD and poor diagnostic and treatment options might contribute to increased morbidity and mortality of patients living in the DRC. Interventions aiming to improve physicians' knowledge, patient follow-up, and treatment access are needed. Specific training alongside existing programs (HIV, malaria), early diagnosis of the disease, and the creation of patient advocacy groups should be implemented to improve SCD patient care.
ABSTRACT
Contexte et objectifs. L'hydroxyurée est connu efficace dans la prise en charge des crises drépanocytaires. L'objectif de la présente étude était d'établir la disponibilité et d'évaluer le cout moyen de ce médicament en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Méthodes. Une étude transversale descriptive a été réalisée dans 188 pharmacies de deux villes (une grande, Lubumbashi versus une enclavée, Mbuji Mayi en RDC, entre les 1er avril et 1er septembre 2017. Seules des questions fermées ont été posées, avec des choix soit dichotomiques soit multiples. Résultats. L'hydroxyurée n'était disponible que dans 22% des pharmacies participantes (41/188) et beaucoup plus fréquemment dans celles d'une grande ville que dans celles d'une ville reculée (34/96 contre 7/92). La plupart des patients ont présenté une ordonnance médicale (36/41 soit 88% d'entre eux) pour obtenir le médicament. Le prix de l'hydroxyurée variait entre 10 et 35 $, avec un prix moyen de 15 $ pour une boîte de 25 gélules. Ce prix est onéreux pour le pouvoir d'achat de la majorité des patients drépanocytaires. Conclusions. Cette étude montre que l'hydroxyurée est à la fois peu disponible dans les pharmacies en RDC et peu accessible financièrement pour beaucoup de patients drépanocytaires
