Endophenotypes: A conceptual link between anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder.

The paper, by translating the concept and the two models of endophenotype (EP), strengthens the hypothesis that there exists a linkage between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, the paper synthesizes empirical research that supported the idea that individuals with AN and individuals with ASD share similarities with respect to their neurocognitive EPs and temperament EPs. The paper then introduces an innovative structure to emphasize the subtle difference between neurocognitive EPs and temperament EPs in relation to AN and ASD. This structure constitutes the categorization of the shared neurocognitive EPs to the liability-index model of EP and the shared temperament EPs to the mediational model of EP. The paper argues that the shared neurocognitive EPs under the liability index model of EP are trait markers signaling the effects of genes on the phenotypes of AN and ASD; whereas, the shared temperament EPs under the mediational model of EP are state markers describing the symptomatic status of AN and ASD. The proposition of the paper suggests clinicians and researchers should target the atypical state markers (i.e., temperament EPs) shared between AN and ASD when tailoring environment-based treatments for individuals with AN who exhibit autistic behaviors and individuals with ASD who display disordered eating behaviors or anorexic symptoms.

Textual prompts as an antecedent cue self-management strategy for persons with mild disabilities.

Providing learners written task analyses to be used as textual prompts was examined as a self-management strategy for persons with mild disabilities. Initially, modeling, corrective verbal feedback, and contingent descriptive praise were employed to train participants to use the written task analysis to perform one home maintenance task. Subsequently, participants were tested on their use of different task analyses combined with general feedback to perform two novel home maintenance tasks. No training was provided on how to use these new task analyses. Either a multiple baseline or a multiple probe across settings experimental design was used to control extraneous variables. Results indicated that the written task analyses served as self-administered textual prompts and, along with general feedback, provided stimulus control for the second and third tasks. When the self-management task analyses and general feedback were withdrawn, transfer of stimulus control occurred to the natural discriminative stimuli for the majority of tasks. The research suggests that written task analyses, as presented in the present study, may have utility for the self-management of instruction by persons with mild disabilities.

Preparation of a 135-degree shoulder for a ceramometal margin using an end-cutting bur.

The Jet No. 7345 is an end-cutting bur that accurately dresses the shoulder of a ceramometal preparation to a smooth, well defined surface that is 135 degrees to the path of insertion.

Tooth loading and cuspal guidance in canine and group-function occlusions.

(1) Tooth loading with cuspal guidance in canine and group-function occlusions has been discussed. (2) Canine guidance and group-function guidance occlusions are considered normal; the latter occurs naturally due to occlusal wear. (3) When an entire occlusion is to be restored, either occlusal scheme will serve adequately. (4) Where only a portion of the occlusion is to be restored, the restoration must be consistent with the existing occlusal scheme. (5) Regardless of which occlusal scheme is used, the dentist must maintain it during regular postoperative appointments.