ABSTRACT
The discovery of the potent and selective prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor (DP) antagonist [(3R)-4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-7-fluoro-5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-3-yl]-acetic acid (13) is presented. Initial lead antagonists 6 and 7 were found to be potent and selective DP antagonists (DP Ki = 2.0 nM for each); however, they both suffered from poor pharmacokinetic profiles, short half-lives and high clearance rates in rats. Rat bile duct cannulation studies revealed that high concentrations of parent drug were present in the biliary fluid (Cmax = 1100 microM for 6 and 3900 microM for 7). This pharmacokinetic liability was circumvented by replacing the 7-methylsulfone substituent present in 6 and 7 with a fluorine atom resulting in antagonists with diminished propensity for biliary excretion and with superior pharmacokinetic profiles. Further optimization led to the discovery of the potent and selective DP antagonist 13.
Subject(s)
Indoles/chemical synthesis , Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors , Airway Obstruction/drug therapy , Animals , Bile/metabolism , Binding, Competitive , Dogs , Hepatocytes/metabolism , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Indoles/pharmacokinetics , Indoles/pharmacology , Macaca fascicularis , Male , Mice , Microsomes/metabolism , Nasal Decongestants/chemical synthesis , Nasal Decongestants/pharmacokinetics , Nasal Decongestants/pharmacology , Protein Binding , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sheep , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
A detailed SAR study directed toward the optimization of pharmacokinetic parameters for analogues of L-791,943 is reported. The introduction of a soft metabolic site on this structure permitted the identification of L-826,141 as a potent phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that is well absorbed and that presents a shorter half-life than L-791,943 in a variety of animal species. The efficacy of L-826,141 is also demonstrated in different in vivo models.
Subject(s)
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Alkylation , Animals , Biological Availability , Cell Line , Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 , Half-Life , Humans , Indicators and Reagents , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Pyridines/chemical synthesis , Pyridines/pharmacokinetics , Pyridines/pharmacology , Rats , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemical synthesis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Structure-activity relationship studies directed toward improving the potency and metabolic stability of CDP-840 (3) resulted in the discovery of L-791,943 (11n) as a potent (HWB TNF-alpha = 0.67 microM) and orally active phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. This compound, which bears a stable bis-difluoromethoxy catechol and a pendant hexafluorocarbinol, exhibited a long half-life in rat and in squirrel monkey. It is well tolerated in ferret with an emetic threshold greater than 30 mg/kg (po) and was found to be active in the ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction model in guinea pig and in the ascaris-induced bronchoconstriction models in sheep and squirrel monkey.
