ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and women in the United States. With cigarette smoking causing the majority of cases, patterns in lung cancer are often monitored to understand the impact of anti-tobacco efforts. The purpose of this research was to investigate trends in lung cancer incidence rates for the period 2005-2010 in Oklahoma. METHODS: Data on Oklahoma's incident cases of lung cancer (2005-2010) were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER system. Annual percent change (APC) was calculated by linear regression to characterize trends in lung cancer incidence rates over time for the overall population, by gender, by age group, and by age group within gender. Rates were considered to increase or decrease if the p-value for trend was <0.05. RESULTS: From 2005 through 2010, lung cancer incidence rates declined from 81.96 to 68.19 per 100,000 population, with an APC of -3.58% (p-value: 0.0220). When subgroups were examined, declines were observed among all males (APC: -4.25%; p-value: 0.0270), males <65 years (APC: -5.32%; p-value: 0.0008), females <65 years (APC: -4.85%; p-value: 0.0044), and persons aged 55-64 years (APC: -6.38%; p-value: 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS: Declines in lung cancer incidence rates occurred during 2005-2010 among the overall population and within select demographic groups in Oklahoma. Although trends were stable for several demographic groups, rates of lung cancer incidence were lower in 2010 compared to 2005. Continued evidence-based tobacco control efforts are needed to ensure further reductions in lung cancer incidence rates in the state of Oklahoma.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Small Cell/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Mortality/trends , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , SEER Program , Survival Rate , Time Factors , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Asthma is a common disorder affecting about 8% of adults in the U.S. Smoking is one factor that is associated with exacerbations of the disease. Somewhat surprisingly, the smoking prevalence among asthmatics is about the same as for the general population. It would be helpful to understand the demographic characteristics associated with those asthmatics who are smokers and who attempt to quit in order to better design approaches to help with cessation. This study examined the data from the 2012 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Asthma Call-Back Survey (ACBS), specifically demographic data such as gender, education, race/ethnicity, employment and others, to see if there are common characteristics in those asthmatics who attempt smoking cessation. We found that the only two statistically significant demographic characteristics were education and race. However, about two-thirds of those who made an attempt had had an episode of asthma in the past year and were more likely to have sought emergency care for asthma. These findings may help design better programs to help those patients with asthma who smoke.
Subject(s)
Asthma/psychology , Smoking Cessation , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Medicaid/legislation & jurisprudence , Medicare/legislation & jurisprudence , Physical Therapy Specialty/legislation & jurisprudence , Politics , Prescription Drug Misuse/legislation & jurisprudence , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Medicaid/ethics , Medicare/ethics , Middle Aged , Oklahoma , Physical Therapy Specialty/ethics , Prescription Drug Misuse/ethics , United States , Young AdultSubject(s)
Clinical Competence , Delivery of Health Care , Nurse's Role , Patient Care Team , Physician's Role , Humans , Nurse Practitioners , OptometrySubject(s)
Primary Prevention/methods , Tobacco Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Oklahoma/epidemiology , Prevalence , Primary Prevention/economics , Tobacco Industry/economics , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiopathology , Pulmonary Atelectasis/therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Stroke Volume/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/therapy , Blood Pressure/physiology , Blood Volume/physiology , Extravascular Lung Water/physiology , Humans , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Pulmonary Atelectasis/physiopathology , Tidal Volume/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Acute and chronic pulmonary and cardiac diseases often have a high mortality rate, and can be a source of significant suffering. Palliative care, as described by the Institute of Medicine, "seeks to prevent, relieve, reduce or soothe the symptoms of disease or disorder without effecting a cure... Palliative care in this broad sense is not restricted to those who are dying or those enrolled in hospice programs." The American College of Chest Physicians strongly supports the position that such palliative and end-of-life care of the patient with an acute devastating or chronically progressive pulmonary or cardiac disease and his/her family should be an integral part of cardiopulmonary medicine. This care is best provided through an interdisciplinary effort by competent and experienced professionals under the leadership of a knowledgeable and compassionate physician. To that end, it is hoped that this statement will serve as a framework within which physicians may develop their own approach to the management of patients requiring palliative care.
