ABSTRACT
The bladder is unique. It is the most distensible organ in the body. If the normal pattern of development is disturbed, the bladder can become dysfunctional and poorly compliant. Renal outcome is intimately linked to bladder function and hence bladder development. In this review we describe our current knowledge of the molecular processes that govern bladder development, with particular emphasis on the role of the extracellular matrix. Finally, we suggest a hypothetical model for bladder development.
Subject(s)
Extracellular Matrix/physiology , Urinary Bladder/cytology , Urinary Bladder/growth & development , Animals , HumansABSTRACT
Over a period of six months, seven cases were documented of trauma to the nose as a result of flow driver continuous positive airway pressure in babies of very low birthweight (VLBW). There was a complication rate of 20% in the babies who required it. Deformities consisted of columella nasi necrosis which can occur within three days, flaring of nostrils which worsens with duration of continuous positive airway pressure, and snubbing of the nose which persists after prolonged continuous positive airway pressure. These complications should be preventable by modifications to the mechanism and method of use.
Subject(s)
Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Nasal Septum/injuries , Nose Deformities, Acquired/etiology , Positive-Pressure Respiration/adverse effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Nasal Septum/pathology , Necrosis , Nose Deformities, Acquired/pathology , Positive-Pressure Respiration/instrumentation , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapyABSTRACT
The study examined the influence of the Pond Report on the teaching of medical ethics in the London medical schools. A questionnaire was given to both medical students and college officers. All medical colleges reported that ethics was included in the curriculum. However, from students' replies, it seems that attendance of optional courses is low and that not all current final year medical students have had any formal teaching in medical ethics. Stronger guidelines are necessary to ensure appropriate ethical training in London medical schools.
