Serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in the recovery of patients with anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) can result in extreme malnutrition, and these patients frequently require inordinately large amounts of calories to gain weight during refeeding therapy. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide that mediates many of the anabolic effects of growth hormone. Low levels of IGF-I have been associated with malnutrition and can cause poor weight gain. To clarify the potential relationship of IGF-I to weight gain, serial serum IGF-I, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin levels were measured at admission, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, in 14 consecutive consenting patients admitted for treatment of AN. Baseline IGF-I levels were lower in the patients compared to age-matched controls (mean 20.8 +/- 2.5 vs 32.9 +/- 2.9 nmol/L, p < 0.01). In patients with no weight gain, IGF-I levels were static. There was a stepwise increment in the IGF-I values related to weight gain. Retinol-binding protein and prealbumin, proteins commonly used to assess nutritional status, did not demonstrate important correlations with weight gain. Further studies are required to determine whether or not initial low IGF-I levels impede weight gain in AN patients and whether treatment with IGF-I (possibly in combination with growth hormone) may be of benefit in this disease process.

The use of the differential leukocyte count for inpatient casefinding.

The differential leukocyte count is a nonspecific, imprecise, error-prone, usually labor-intensive, and expensive test to perform. Although the differential count is frequently ordered in the absence of clinical suspicion in both inpatient and outpatient settings, its effectiveness as a screening test has been studied little. From a detailed chart review of 287 cases randomly drawn from a population of 2682 adult patients for whom a differential count was performed on admission, we found that 23 per cent of the cases met criteria for admission screening, that abnormal results were found in approximately one half of these screening differential examinations, and that one third of the abnormal examinations were acknowledged in the medical record by a physician. In no instance did a screening differential count appear to have had clinical significance. It may be medically prudent to consider discontinuing the differential leukocyte count as an inpatient screening test for adults.

Patient telephone interviews: a valuable technique for finding problems and assessing quality in ambulatory medical care.

Telephone interviews to obtain direct patient feedback about medical care can provide an important means for inducing behavior change of providers as part of an ongoing quality assurance program. This article reviews development of our telephone interview methodology and summarizes our experience with 1.110 patient interviews during a three-year period.