Young adult male LEW.1WR1 rats have reduced beta cell area and develop glucose intolerance.

Prediabetes affects 1 in 3 American adults and is characterized by insulin resistance, insulin hypersecretion, and impaired glucose tolerance. Weanling LEW.1WR1 (1WR1) rats have increased blood insulin concentrations, so we hypothesized that young adult 1WR1 rats would develop impaired glucose tolerance due to the poor regulation of insulin. We monitored glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and weight gain for 10 weeks to assess if there was a decline in glucose processing over time. 1WR1 rats were significantly more glucose intolerant after 8 weeks. 1WR1 rats had increased body mass, yet abdominal fat mass was not significantly increased. Although the 1WR1 rats had increased circulating insulin and glucagon protein levels, 1WR1 rat beta cell area was significantly reduced. There may be underlying insulin resistance as evidenced by dysfunctional insulin regulation during fasting. Understanding the metabolic phenotype of this rat model can provide insight into the human pathophysiological changes that increase susceptibility to glucose intolerance and prediabetes.

Cannabinoid-induced pancreatitis: a case series.

CONTEXT: There is only one previously published case report of acute pancreatitis secondary to the use of tetrahydrocannabinoid. While drugs, in general, account for 2% of all the causes of acute pancreatitis, we add to the literature three additional cases of cannabis-induced pancreatitis. CASES: The first case occurred in a 22-year-old man who admitted to smoking tetrahydrocannabinoid heavily over the days prior to admission. The second case involved a 23-year-old man with multiple admissions for tetrahydrocannabinoid-induced pancreatitis. The third case involved a 20-year-old female who admitted to smoking tetrahydrocannabinoid heavily over a period of two weeks prior to admission. In all cases, other causes of pancreatitis were ruled out. Furthermore, the symptoms associated with the acute pancreatitis subsided upon discontinuation of the drug. CONCLUSION: Cannabis is the world's most popular illicit drug with over 4% of the world's population using it each year. Despite this, acute pancreatitis is a rarely reported adverse effect of cannabis use. This case series adds to the literature that cannabis does in fact cause pancreatitis and it may be dose related, although the exact mechanism remains unknown.

A case of Streptococcus intermedius empyema.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of empyema caused by Streptococcus intermedius as a complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). CASE SUMMARY: An 85-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, heart failure, and hypothyroidism developed empyema as a result of 2 episodes of CAP and an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis within the past 2 months. Therapy with intravenous levofloxacin 750 mg every 48 hours was initiated. Culture results of the empyema fluid yielded pure growth of a rarely encountered microorganism, S. intermedius. Intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam 3.375 g every 6 hours was added to the antimicrobial therapy at that time. However, cultures continued to show S. intermedius. Surgical decortication was unsuccessful, and the patient died after a 30 day hospital stay. DISCUSSION: Early, appropriate antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of CAP treatment. Although rare, empyema or thoracic abscess can occur despite this therapy, due to mucosal changes caused by CAP. Historically, antimicrobial therapy used to treat organisms that typically cause CAP also has activity against S. intermedius. However, growth of this microorganism and failure to respond to therapy should alert clinicians to the possibility of empyema or abscess formation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite historical in vitro susceptibility data of S. intermedius, antimicrobial therapy may be ineffective, and more extreme measures may be needed to achieve a successful outcome. Early, appropriate antimicrobial therapy needs to remain the mainstay of the treatment of CAP in an attempt to prevent fatal complications such as this from occurring.