Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Buruli Ulcer/drug therapy , Buruli Ulcer/immunology , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/chemically induced , Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Biopsy , Child , Female , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium ulcerans/pathogenicity , Skin/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
The Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler probe (Cook Medical(®), Cook Ireland Ltd., Limerick, Ireland) has evolved as a useful option for postoperative free flap monitoring. For placement, the probe either is left unattached around the venous pedicle or is secured. In our experience with over 300 applications, we typically secure the cuff with two small microclips, or use fibrin glue. These techniques require redundant silicone cuff for apposition; however, we have encountered some vessels that are of sufficiently large diameter as to not provide enough cuff to employ these methods. The first technique comprises the application of two interrupted sutures through the cuff ends to mimic the technique of microclips. The sutures can be tightened to the desired tension and can be used in cases where the cuff ends are not in direct apposition. A second technique is to excise a segment of silicone cuff and either clip or suture the excised segment to the cuff ends, effectively elongating the cuff diameter. All four techniques (nonattachment, microclip fixation, suture fixation, silicone cuff elongation) have been used effectively, and none have resulted in any complications. Of note, the technique of nonattachment was associated with an increased rate of false-positive results, as migration away from the vessel was postulated to have occurred. There are a range of techniques for attachment of the implantable Doppler probe, and each contributes to the range of options for cuff attachment in difficult cases, with each technique worthwhile in particular settings.
Subject(s)
Free Tissue Flaps/blood supply , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Plastic Surgery Procedures/instrumentation , Ultrasonography, Doppler/instrumentation , Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Female , Free Tissue Flaps/adverse effects , Graft Rejection , Graft Survival , Humans , Intraoperative Care/instrumentation , Intraoperative Care/methods , Male , Microcirculation/physiology , Microsurgery/instrumentation , Microsurgery/methods , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Prostheses and Implants , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Suture Techniques , VictoriaABSTRACT
We present the first clinical descriptions of immune-mediated paradoxical reactions to effective antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, which result in clinical deterioration after initial improvement. Recognition of this phenomenon could prevent unnecessary changes to antibiotic regimens, and might obviate the need for, or reduce the extent of, further surgery.
