ABSTRACT
Modern surgical techniques cannot guarantee functional recovery following peripheral nerve injuries. Research into factors that may influence nerve regeneration has therefore assumed a prominent potential therapeutic role. We report here on the development of an approach to allow for direct manipulation of the microenvironment of regenerating peripheral nerve axons. We show that solutions can be delivered directly to this local milieu in vivo and that such a delivery can be performed multiple times over an extended period, potentially facilitating studies of multiple molecular players that act locally. We also demonstrate that the bundle of regenerated axons are amenable to morphological analysis by 21 days and that the injection system remains patent for at least 21 days.
Subject(s)
Carbon , Infusion Pumps, Implantable , Injections/instrumentation , Injections/methods , Nerve Regeneration/physiology , Sciatic Nerve/cytology , Sciatic Nerve/physiopathology , Animals , Coloring Agents/administration & dosage , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Growth Substances/physiology , Male , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Peripheral Nerves/cytology , Peripheral Nerves/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reference Values , Sciatic Nerve/injuries , Sciatic Nerve/surgeryABSTRACT
A randomised, controlled, single-blind study was performed on 100 patients to investigate a new method of reducing pain on propofol injection. Aspiration of 2 ml of the patient's blood into a syringe of propofol immediately before injection was compared with the addition of lignocaine 20 mg or normal saline 2 ml to the propofol before injection. The addition of blood was significantly more effective in reducing pain on injection than the addition of saline (p < 0.001), but was not significantly more effective than the addition of lignocaine.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Intravenous/adverse effects , Pain/prevention & control , Phlebotomy , Propofol/adverse effects , Adult , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Male , Pain/chemically induced , Propofol/administration & dosage , Single-Blind MethodSubject(s)
Education of Intellectually Disabled , Sex Education , Adult , Curriculum , Female , Humans , Male , Teaching MaterialsSubject(s)
Leukemia L5178/enzymology , Leukemia, Experimental/enzymology , Mutagens/metabolism , Mutation , Thymidine Kinase/deficiency , 2-Acetylaminofluorene/metabolism , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/metabolism , Animals , Biotransformation , Cricetinae , Male , Mesocricetus , Methylcholanthrene/metabolism , Mice , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Eleven metals were examined for their potential to induce forward mutations at the thymidine kinase locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. The materials tested included AlCl3, CdSO4, HgCl2, K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7, MgCl2, MnCl2, NaAsO2, Na2HAsO4, NaCl, and Pb(NO3)2. Strong positive responses at survivals greater than 10% were observed with CdSO4, K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7, and MnCl2. Weak positive responses, yielding 2- to 3-fold increases in mutation frequency above the solvent control at greater than 10% survival, were seen with HgCl2, NaAsO2, Na2HAsO4, and Pb(NO3)2. Negative responses were obtained with MgCl2, NaCl, and AlCl3.