The effectiveness of eHealth interventions on physical activity and measures of obesity among working-age women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Physical inactivity and obesity are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in women. eHealth interventions may increase physical activity and improve obesity-related outcomes among women. The objective of this study was to review the evidence of the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among working-age women. The secondary objective was to examine their effectiveness on improving obesity-related outcomes. A comprehensive search strategy was developed for eight electronic databases; through July 2016. All studies consisting of >80% women of working-age (18-65 years) in high income countries were included. Multiple unblinded reviewers determined study eligibility and extracted data. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and data quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Sixty studies were included in the review of which 20 were in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated eHealth interventions improved moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (standard mean difference = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.58, 1.68, P < 0.0001); an increase of ~25 min week-1 . No changes were observed in obesity-related outcomes; waist circumference (P = 0.06), body mass (P = 0.05) and body mass index (P = 0.35). eHealth interventions are effective at increasing min week-1 of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among working-age women from high income countries.

Ultra-High Mass Resolution MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Metabolites in a Mouse Model of Glioblastoma.

MALDI mass spectrometry imaging is able to simultaneously determine the spatial distribution of hundreds of molecules directly from tissue sections, without labeling and without prior knowledge. Ultra-high mass resolution measurements based on Fourier-transform mass spectrometry have been utilized to resolve isobaric lipids, metabolites and tryptic peptides. Here we demonstrate the potential of 15T MALDI-FTICR MSI for molecular pathology in a mouse model of high-grade glioma. The high mass accuracy and resolving power of high field FTICR MSI enabled tumor specific proteoforms, and tumor-specific proteins with overlapping and isobaric isotopic distributions to be clearly resolved. The protein ions detected by MALDI MSI were assigned to proteins identified by region-specific microproteomics (0.8 mm2 regions isolated using laser capture microdissection) on the basis of exact mass and isotopic distribution. These label free quantitative experiments also confirmed the protein expression changes observed by MALDI MSI and revealed changes in key metabolic proteins, which were supported by in-situ metabolite MALDI MSI.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Cancer Research: Future Perspectives.

In the last decade mass spectrometry imaging has developed rapidly, in terms of multiple new instrumentation innovations, expansion of target molecules, and areas of application. Mass spectrometry imaging has already had a substantial impact in cancer research, uncovering biomolecular changes associated with disease progression, diagnosis, and prognosis. Many new approaches are incorporating the use of readily available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancer tissues from pathology centers, including tissue blocks, biopsy specimens, and tumor microarrays. It is also increasingly used in drug formulation development as an inexpensive method to determine the distributions of drugs and their metabolites. In this chapter, we offer a perspective in the current and future methodological developments and how these may open up new vistas for cancer research.

A mini-review of mass spectrometry using high-performance FTICR-MS methods.

Structural characterization of macromolecules is currently delivering new insights into the behavior of individual molecules or molecular ensembles. Technological advances have made it possible to examine smaller and smaller amounts (down to single molecules) of larger and larger molecular systems. Mass spectrometry in particular is capable of the detailed study of extremely small quantities (down to a single molecule) of very large (biological) molecules. The advent of new ionization techniques such as electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption are mainly responsible for these advances. As a result, mass spectrometry has evolved into an enabling discipline that plays an increasingly important role in combinatorial chemistry, polymer science, biochemistry, medicine, environmental and marine science, and archaeology and conservation science. This paper will review a selection of methodological developments in the field of high-performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for structural analysis of these macromolecules.