How Much Pornography Use Do Americans Think Is "Average" for a Man and Woman? Findings from a National Survey.

Though research has examined pornography viewing frequency and its correlates in national samples, researchers have yet to assess how much pornography use the general population thinks is "average" for men and women. Drawing on data from a nationally representative sample of American adults (Men: N = 1,127; Women = 1,382; total mean age = 50.0, SD = 17.4), it was hypothesized that Americans' estimations of how much pornography use is average for men and women would be shaped by perceptual mechanisms as well as the influence of religious subculture. Results show that age, personal pornography use, self-reported addiction to pornography, and religiosity (for men), were associated with Americans' perceptions of what is average for others. The association with personal pornography use was amplified for same-gender estimations, and Americans estimated the average man views pornography more frequently than the average woman. Americans rarely reported viewing pornography at higher rates than what they estimated for others. This study provides initial steps toward understanding gendered impressions of average pornography use and provides recommendations for how future research could explore differing mechanisms of same-gender and cross-gender perceptions.

Mating in Captivity: The Influence of Social Location on Sexual Satisfaction through Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The recent global pandemic provides a natural experiment "intervention" to examine how differing baseline social dynamics such as gender, education, and politics shaped diverging patterns of well-being during rapidly shifting societal conditions. Using married adults from a nationally representative panel study in the United States from August 2019 to August 2021, discontinuous growth curves reveal a large drop in average married sexual satisfaction in both quality and frequency directly following the pandemic onset. Moreover, sexual satisfaction remained largely suppressed for the subsequent 18 months, apart from a brief "optimism blip" in the fall of 2020. Race, age, income, employment, parenthood, education, and political affiliation all appear as meaningful predictors, but these differ across various phases of the pandemic and by gender. These results reveal evidence of lingering changes in subjective sexual well-being as well as patterns of catastrophe risk and resilience moderated by social location factors.

Sex and Its Discontents: How Moral Incongruence Connects Same-Sex and Non-Marital Sexual Activity with Unhappiness.

A growing body of research has demonstrated how the link between pornography use and various manifestations of psychological distress and dissatisfaction is explained by moral incongruence-the experience of violating one's deeply held moral values. The predictive power of moral incongruence, however, has yet to be applied to other sexual activities. Drawing on data from available waves of the General Social Surveys (1988-2018: nmen = 6590, nwomen = 7047; 1989-2018: nmen = 3558, nwomen = 4841), this study extended moral incongruence theory by testing whether engaging in same-sex or non-marital sexual activity when one rejects either as morally wrong is associated with a greater likelihood of reporting unhappiness. Analyses demonstrated that American men (but not women) who reported engaging in same-sex sex in the previous year were more likely than other men to say they were unhappy, but only if they viewed homosexuality as "always wrong." Analyses also showed that American women (not men) who reported higher frequencies of non-marital sex in the previous year were more likely than other women to report being unhappy, but only if they viewed non-marital sex as "always wrong." Though nuanced by gender, findings affirmed expectations from moral incongruence research: Sexual behavior per se is not associated with unhappiness, but moral inconsistency or conflict regarding one's sexual behavior is.

Use of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and a reticulated open cell foam dressing with through holes in the acute care setting.

Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) is an automated system used to deliver, dwell, and remove topical solutions from the wound bed. Recently, a reticulated open cell foam dressing with through holes (ROCF-CC) was developed, which assists with wound cleansing by removing thick exudate and infectious materials. We present our experience using NPWTi-d with ROCF-CC on complex wounds when complete surgical debridement was inappropriate because of medical instability, recurrent non-viable tissue, or palliative treatment plan. For all wounds, NPWTi-d with ROCF-CC was initiated by instilling normal saline, acetic acid, or hypochlorous acid with 2 to 10 minutes of dwell time, followed by 0.5 to 4 hours of negative pressure. Dressings were changed every 2 to 3 days. Fourteen patients with multiple comorbidities were treated for wound types including diabetic foot ulcers, necrotising fasciitis, dehisced wounds, and pressure injuries. Duration of NPWTi-d with ROCF-CC ranged from 1 to 15 days, and at dressing changes, wounds showed improved granulation tissue formation, less malodour, less surrounding erythema, and demarcation of healthy skin from devitalised tissue. Based on these patients, adjunctive use of NPWTi-d with ROCF-CC provided a practical option for improving tissue quality in wounds for patients in whom surgical debridement was not possible or desired.

Use of a Novel Foam Dressing With Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Instillation: Recommendations and Clinical Experience.

A new reticulated open-cell foam dressing with through holes (ROCF-CC) has been introduced to assist with wound cleansing by removing thick wound exudate and infectious materials during neg- ative pressure wound therapy with instillation. Due to the limited published evidence supporting use of ROCF-CC dressings with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d), clinicians have been relying on practical application experience to gain pro ciency with the dressing and NPWTi-d. To help provide general guidelines for safe and e cient use of ROCF-CC dressings with NPWTi-d, a multidisciplinary expert panel of clinicians was convened from September 28 to 29, 2017. Principal aims of the meeting were to develop recommendations based on panel members' experience and lim- ited published results for use of ROCF-CC dressings, appropriate wound and patient characteristics for use, application settings, and clinical techniques to optimize outcomes. An algorithm to guide use of ROCF-CC dressings with NPWTi-d was also created. Panelists recommended the following goals for using ROCF-CC dressings: cleanse wounds when areas of slough or nonviable tissue remain on the wound surface, remove thick exudate, remove infectious materials, promote granulation tissue formation, and help provide a bridge to a de ned endpoint. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time with ROCF-CC dressings may be an appropriate adjunct therapy for wound cleansing, especially in cases when sharp excisional debridement is not available or appropriate. All panel members agreed that controlled clinical and scienti c studies of NPWTi-d with ROCF-CC are needed to further elucidate best practices and e ectiveness in various wound types.

A Case Review of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Abdomen Utilizing Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation and Novel Reticulated Open Cell Foam Dressing.

Necrotizing soft tissue infection is a rapidly spreading bacterial infection that can quickly destroy a person's muscles, skin, and underlying tissue. In this retrospect chart review, we will look at how the utilization of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d) and novel reticulated open cell foam (ROCF-CC) assisted with the healing of a patient's wound along with decreasing the time spent in the operating room. NPWTi-d provided the benefits of wound healing such as solubilizing the infectious material and removing the devitalized tissue. Using this form of treatment, we were able to improve the patient's quality of life and decrease her time in the hospital.

A Case Review of Wound Bed Preparation in an Infected Venous Leg Ulcer Utilizing Novel Reticulated Open Cell Foam Dressing with Through Holes during Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous leg ulcers (VLUs) have major financial implications for patients and healthcare professionals. VLUs, in particular, require significant care, can be slow to heal, and have a high rate of recurrence. These factors combine to make VLUs a major burden on the healthcare system. Recent estimates show that the cost of treatment of VLUs per patient in the United States is $10,000 to $12,000 per year, with the average lifetime cost of care greater than $40,000. Infected VLUs often require surgical debridement for the removal of bacterial burden and biofilm. The use of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d) has shown to decrease OR visits, length of hospitalization, and therapy days in lower extremity and trunk wounds. In 2017, a novel reticulated open cell foam dressing with through holes (ROCF-CC) was introduced as a dressing option with NPWTi-d. ROCF-CC assists in removing thick wound exudate and infectious materials. This dressing option is especially helpful for wound cleansing when debridement is not possible or appropriate in patients.

The Use of Negative Pressure with Instillation and Dwell for the Treatment of Necrotizing Fasciitis.

The human body is a complex, multisystem organism that can manifest disease processes in a multitude of ways. Over the decades, technological advancements have allowed us to make precise diagnoses so that clinicians can thoroughly treat the underlying cause. Frequently these disease processes require surgical intervention to eliminate the progression and provide the patient with positive outcomes. When surgical intervention is required, the patient is often left with large complex wounds. Just like medical advancements, wound care modalities have made vast technological improvements. Wounds previously being treated with simple but labor-intensive treatments such as gauze packings and return operating room interventions, can now be treated with negative pressure wound therapy combined with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d). This therapy combines the benefits of negative pressure while cleansing the wound through the instillation of a topical wound cleanser in a controlled environment. In this case review, we will highlight a case of necrotizing fasciitis in which surgical intervention was required and negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and the use of reticulated open cell foam dressing with through holes (ROCF-CC) was utilized. Negative pressure with instillation was used to remove infectious material and other nonviable tissue from the wound base while promoting granulation tissue production. By utilizing this treatment, we were able to decrease the patient's return trips to the operating room (OR), enhance granulation tissue production, and ultimately achieve positive patient outcomes.

Predicting runoff induced mass loads in urban watersheds: Linking land use and pyrethroid contamination.

Pyrethroid pesticide mass loadings in the Ballona Creek Watershed were calculated using the volume-concentration method with a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to explore potential relationships between urban land use, impervious surfaces, and pyrethroid runoff flowing into an urban stream. A calibration of the GIS volume-concentration model was performed using 2013 and 2014 wet-weather sampling data. Permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin were detected as the highest concentrations; deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin and cyfluthrin were the most frequently detected synthetic pyrethroids. Eight neighborhoods within the watershed were highlighted as target areas based on a Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA) in GIS. Water phase concentration of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) were calculated from the reported usage. The need for stricter BMP and consumer product controls was identified as a possible way of reducing the detections of pyrethroids in Ballona Creek. This model has significant implications for determining mass loadings due to land use influence, and offers a flexible method to extrapolate data for a limited amount of samplings for a larger watershed, particularly for chemicals that are not subject to environmental monitoring. Offered as a simple approach to watershed management, the GIS-volume concentration model has the potential to be applied to other target pesticides and is useful for simulating different watershed scenarios. Further research is needed to compare results against other similar urban watersheds situated in mediterranean climates.