Subject(s)
Bacteria/drug effects , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Administration, Oral , Anaerobiosis , Animals , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bacteroides Infections/drug therapy , Bile/drug effects , Brain Abscess/drug therapy , Digestive System/microbiology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Interactions , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Genital Diseases, Female/drug therapy , Humans , Intestinal Absorption , Meningitis/drug therapy , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Metronidazole/metabolism , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Metronidazole/toxicity , Mice , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Rats , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The soil fumigants methyl bromide, chloropircrin and Basamid or mixtures of Basamid and chloropicrin proved to be of no use in filling T. trichiura ova in soil. However, on untreated plots the eggs died at a rate such than only 20% of the ova remained viable after 18 months.
Subject(s)
Fumigation , Soil , Thiadiazines/pharmacology , Thiazines/pharmacology , Trichuris/drug effects , Female , Hydrocarbons, Brominated/pharmacology , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/pharmacology , Ovum/drug effectsSubject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Aerobiosis , Anaerobiosis , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Interactions , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
1. [14C]Metronidazole was rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract of rats giving maximum blood levels of radioactivity, equivalent to 6-4 and 6-7 mug metronidazole per ml blood, 1 h after oral dosing. 2. There was rapid equilibration between blood and most tissues, although radioactivity was concentrated in the liver, kidney, gastro-intestinal tract and vaginal secretions. 3. The half-life of clearance of radioactivity from the majority of tissues was between 3 and 4 h, although it was longer in the skin (8 h) and gastro-intestinal tract (14 h). 4. Fourteen radioactive excretion products were detected in rat urine and all the major products were identified. These all contained a nitro group and represented 97 degrees of the total radioactivity excreted in urine. 5. Unchanged metronidazole was secreted throughout the entire length of the gastro-intestinal tract and into the vagina of rats. 6. A hypothesis has been proposed to explain the high clinical efficacy of metronidazole in treating trichomonal and amoebic infections.
Subject(s)
Metronidazole/metabolism , Administration, Oral , Animals , Autoradiography , Bile/metabolism , Biological Availability , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Digestive System/metabolism , Drug Therapy , Feces/metabolism , Female , Hydroxylation , Injections, Intravenous , Intestinal Absorption , Metronidazole/blood , Metronidazole/urine , Organ Specificity , Oxidation-Reduction , Rats , Vagina/metabolismABSTRACT
The serum concentrations of the radiosensitizer metronidazole have been determined in mice for both oral and intraperitoneal doses of the drug and these have been related to radiosensitization studies in murine tumour systems. In preliminary work before a possible clinical trail the serum metronidazole concentration/time curves have been determined in 7 patients using single doses of metronidazole of up to 15 g. The data suggest that a linear relationship exists between the metronidazole dose expressed in mg/kg and the peak serum concentration. The possibility of achieving radiosensitization of tumours in patients after tolerable doses of metronidazole is discussed in relation to enhancement ratios determined for in vitro and in vivo systems. It is concluded that predictions from in vitro systems give values that are probably too optimistic.
Subject(s)
Metronidazole/blood , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/blood , Administration, Oral , Animals , Humans , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Male , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Metronidazole/adverse effects , Mice , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/administration & dosage , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Metronidazole/pharmacology , Oxygen , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents , Animals , Carbon Radioisotopes , Cell Line , Cell Survival , Cricetinae , Culture Techniques , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Lung/cytology , Molecular Weight , Oxygen/pharmacology , Plants/radiation effects , Radiation Dosage , Serratia marcescens/drug effects , Serratia marcescens/radiation effects , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletSubject(s)
Metronidazole/pharmacology , Trichomonas vaginalis/drug effects , Adenine/metabolism , Anaerobiosis , Animals , Carbon Radioisotopes , Cattle , Cells, Cultured , Chick Embryo , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Clostridium perfringens/drug effects , DNA/biosynthesis , Deoxyribonucleases/pharmacology , Entamoeba histolytica/drug effects , Humans , Hydrolysis , Lung , Metronidazole/metabolism , Pancreas/enzymology , Papain/pharmacology , RNA/biosynthesis , Ribonucleases/metabolism , Ribonucleases/pharmacology , Tetrahymena pyriformis/drug effects , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Trichuriasis , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Humans , Parasite Egg Count , Pica , Soil Microbiology , Trichuriasis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Stool specimens were examined for the parasite Trichuris trichiura from 1,860 patients in 17 hospitals for the mentally subnormal in the U.K. It was found in 10 of these hospitals, and an overall incidence of 13.2% was recorded. Most cases occurred in the South, where the overall incidence was 36.3%.Difetarsone was used in the treatment of infestations in two hospitals, and proved to be very well tolerated, cure rates of 81 to 88% being obtained.
