ABSTRACT
The aetiology and clinical management of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and specifically of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome are poorly defined. Interesting new insights into CTCL disease biology as well as a number of emerging of novel therapeutic interventions make this an increasingly interesting area for dermatologists and oncologists involved in the treatment of CTCL. This review article covers much of this new information including new drugs, such as denileukin diftitox (Ontak) a targeted cytotoxic biological agent, Bexarotene an RXR selective retinoid, anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), new cytotoxics agents and vaccines.
Subject(s)
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/therapy , Humans , Mycosis Fungoides/diagnosis , Mycosis Fungoides/therapy , PrognosisABSTRACT
The majority of newly diagnosed patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma are expected to survive because of effective therapies established during the last 40 years. Long-term observations from large populations of treated patients have disclosed a variety of late effects of the disease and its therapy that have contributed morbidity and excess mortality to Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors. As such complications have been recognized treatment approaches have been modified. Here we report a case of cervical neuropathy secondary to mantle radiotherapy, a complication not previously reported in the literature.
Subject(s)
Hodgkin Disease/radiotherapy , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Radiation Injuries/pathology , Adult , Female , Humans , Morbidity , Neck/innervation , Radiotherapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the addition of chloride to a lactate infusion would reduce the frequency of panic attacks. METHOD: The subjects included 14 healthy volunteers and 20 patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder. All subjects received an infusion of lactate dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride and an infusion of lactate dissolved in 5% dextrose in water on separate days in a random-order, double-blind procedure. Blood pressure, heart rate, and panic symptoms were measured at 3-minute intervals during the infusions. The occurrence of panic attacks was ascertained through the subjects' reports of losing control, panicking, or "going crazy" and the presence of at least four Research Diagnostic Criteria symptoms of a panic attack. RESULTS: Fifteen (75%) of the patients with panic disorder reported a panic attack during one of the infusions or both; no healthy volunteers had a panic attack. The patients with panic disorder were significantly more likely to have a panic attack during the lactate/sodium chloride infusion than during the infusion of lactate/5% dextrose in water. The number of panic attack symptoms reported at 3-minute intervals did not differ between the two types of infusion. CONCLUSIONS: The coadministration of glucose resulted in a reduced sensitivity to the panicogenic effects of lactate. The hypothesis that adding chloride to the infusion would reduce the frequency of lactate-induced panic attacks was not supported.
Subject(s)
Glucose/administration & dosage , Lactates/administration & dosage , Panic Disorder/chemically induced , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Double-Blind Method , Female , Glucose/pharmacology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Humans , Incidence , Infusions, Intravenous , Lactates/pharmacology , Lactic Acid , Male , Panic Disorder/epidemiology , Panic Disorder/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Sodium Chloride/blood , Sodium Chloride/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Rats were implanted with stimulating electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus, and cannulae for chemical injections in the ventral tegmentum. Injections of atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, increased thresholds for self-stimulation in a dose-dependent fashion, without slowing bar pressing rates. Thresholds increased less for a self-stimulation site contralateral to the atropine injection. In a conditioned place preference test, the rats preferred compartments in which they received carbachol, a cholinergic agonist. Muscarinic receptors in ventral tegmentum therefore seem critical for medial forebrain bundle (MFB) reward. The possible cholinergic cells of origin are discussed.
