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1.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20172017 Mar 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28314807

ABSTRACT

Non-recurrence and extralaryngeal branching are 2 of the more frequently encountered anomalies of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. If not anticipated intraoperatively, these abnormalities can put the nerve at risk, with subsequent vocal cord palsy. It is therefore important to report on and understand these abnormalities. We present a unique case of a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve with a coexisting contralateral nerve demonstrating extralaryngeal branching. This case allows us to demonstrate the importance of arteria lusoria in head and neck surgery, and to conclude that non-recurrence and extralaryngeal branching can occur separately within individual nerves in the same patient. The case also highlights the importance of a systematic intraoperative approach to the identification of every recurrent laryngeal nerve, especially in bilateral procedures having already exposed an anomalous nerve on one side.


Subject(s)
Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/secondary , Carcinoma/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary , Female , Humans , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/abnormalities , Subclavian Artery/abnormalities , Subclavian Artery/anatomy & histology , Subclavian Artery/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/secondary , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroidectomy/methods
2.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20132013 Dec 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24334471

ABSTRACT

A 72-year-old woman presented with long-standing gastro-oesophageal reflux, regurgitation of swallowed food and worsening cervical dysphagia. Fluoroscopic barium oesophagography revealed a posterolateral pharyngeal pouch (Zenker's diverticulum (ZD)) complicating a 'cup and spill' oesophageal deformity with a smoothly tapered segment at the gastro-oesophageal junction. CT and high-resolution manometry confirmed that the underlying abnormality was a massively dilated oesophagus with aperistalsis and pan-oesophageal pressurisation, consistent with a diagnosis of oesophageal achalasia (type II). She underwent endoscopic stapled diverticulotomy, with good symptomatic relief. We discuss the aetiology of ZD, its management and the association here with oesophageal achalasia.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Achalasia/complications , Zenker Diverticulum/complications , Aged , Alginates/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Esophageal Achalasia/diagnostic imaging , Esophagogastric Junction/abnormalities , Esophagoscopy , Esophagus/abnormalities , Female , Glucuronic Acid/therapeutic use , Hexuronic Acids/therapeutic use , Humans , Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Radiography , Zenker Diverticulum/diagnostic imaging
3.
Anesth Analg ; 114(4): 785-90, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22314690

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Topical anesthesia of the upper airway is often recommended when difficulty in airway management is anticipated. There are published reports, however, of administration of topical anesthesia resulting in complete loss of airway control. Adverse effects are mostly attributed to interference with involuntary protective airway reflexes, while gross motor function itself generally is thought to be preserved. We hypothesized that if motor control is affected, measurable quantitative changes in vocalization should follow the use of topical anesthesia. METHODS: A prospective, crossover, randomized, double-blind study was conducted, in which 24 healthy volunteers each performed 2 vocal exercises, while having their glottic appearance recorded digitally via fiberoptic nasendoscopy. Subjects gargled with 3 test solutions on separate occasions (placebo, 2% lidocaine, and 4% lidocaine) and repeated the vocal exercises and nasendoscopy. The angle between the vocal cords was measured using MB-Ruler®, and the Laryngograph Speech Studio® software was used for vocal parameter analysis. RESULTS: The only significant changes in voice quality occurred between the control and test groups (P = 0.014). No difference could be found between the placebo and lidocaine groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although gargling with local anesthetic affected vocalization, no pharmacological effect attributable to local anesthetic was observed.


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Larynx/drug effects , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Voice/drug effects , Cross-Over Studies , Double-Blind Method , Humans , Larynx/physiology , Prospective Studies , Reflex/drug effects , Reflex/physiology
4.
Logoped Phoniatr Vocol ; 34(1): 32-5, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19214865

ABSTRACT

Unlike gastro-oesophageal reflux, extra-oesophageal reflux (EOR) is not necessarily associated with heartburn. The potential prevalence of EOR in general practice in the UK using the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaire was determined. A total of 1152 patients attending a GP surgery for routine conditions completed the RSI questionnaire: 26.5% had an RSI score >10, regarded as a clinically significant score for EOR; 29% of patients with a significant RSI score rated the impact of heartburn in the previous month as zero. Significant numbers of patients presenting to GPs have high RSI scores suggesting significant reflux. Many patients likely to have EOR do not experience classical heartburn. This might explain why some GPs may not attribute common symptoms affecting the throat to gastric reflux.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Motility Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Heartburn/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index , Smoking , Surveys and Questionnaires , United Kingdom/epidemiology , Young Adult
5.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol ; 266(2): 243-51, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18506466

ABSTRACT

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to the backflow of stomach contents into the laryngopharynx. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that LPR is a contributing factor in some cases of hoarseness, vocal fatigue, voice breaks, cough and globus and chronic throat clearing. However, several randomised placebo-controlled trials of proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of LPR have been reported with the majority showing no significant benefit in patient symptom scores over placebo. The aim of this pilot clinical study was to investigate whether any improvement in LPR-related symptoms, using the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), and clinical findings, using the Reflux Finding Score (RFS), could be achieved with treatment with a liquid alginate suspension compared to control (no treatment). Patients presenting with the symptoms of LPR to the Otorhinolaryngology Outpatient Department at the Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK were considered eligible if they had an RSI of greater than 10 and an RFS greater than 5 based on a fibreoptic examination of the larynx. A total of 49 patients were randomised into the open, parallel group study; 24 patients were randomised to receive 10 ml liquid alginate suspension (Gaviscon Advance) four times daily after meals and at bedtime, and 25 patients into the control group (no treatment). Patients were assessed pre-treatment and at 2, 4 and 6 months post treatment. Mean (SD) RSI and RFS pre-treatment scores were 23.9 (7.0) and 10.4 (3.6) for the treatment group and 24.6 (7.4) and 10.3 (3.3) for the control group, respectively. Significant differences between treatment and control were observed for RSI at the 2-month (11.2 (7.0) vs. 16.8 (6.4), P=0.005) and 6-month (11.2 (8.1) vs. 18.3 (9.4), P=0.008) assessments and for RFS at the 6-month (7.1 (2.8) vs. 9.5 (3.4), P=0.005) assessment. Significant improvement in symptom scores and clinical findings were achieved with liquid alginate suspension (Gaviscon Advance) compared to control and further evaluation for the management of patients presenting with LPR is warranted.


Subject(s)
Alginates/administration & dosage , Aluminum Hydroxide/administration & dosage , Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy , Hypopharynx/drug effects , Hypopharynx/pathology , Laryngitis/drug therapy , Silicic Acid/administration & dosage , Sodium Bicarbonate/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Adult , Confidence Intervals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Combinations , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Humans , Laryngitis/diagnosis , Laryngitis/etiology , Laryngoscopy/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Observer Variation , Probability , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Suspensions/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome
6.
Logoped Phoniatr Vocol ; 30(2): 85-90, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16147228

ABSTRACT

Joint Voice clinics run by an ENT surgeon (Laryngologist) and Voice therapist avoid repetition of clinical assessment, better planning of patient management and early initiation of treatment. Although is perceived as optimal management of voice patients it is perhaps not necessary for all patients as it is time consuming for the clinicians involved. The aim of this study was to investigate whether it was possible to identify any subgroup of patients that could potentially be seen in a Voice therapist-led new patient clinic by reviewing the outcome of 96 patients referred to a Joint Voice clinic. Forty-four patients were referred for voice therapy out of which 13 (30%) were teachers or lecturers (total number: 16 (81%)). Two others in this subgroup required medical treatment and the other surgery. The most common aetiology in these professional voice users was muscle tension dysphonia (10 patients, 63%). It is concluded that experienced Voice therapists appropriately trained in laryngostroboscopic assessment could potentially receive and manage direct referrals from primary care physicians. They should however work as part of a multi-professional Voice Disorders Team where the patients could be reviewed by an ENT surgeon if necessary. This would significantly improve the patient pathway for these patients, be cost-effective and make the best use of therapist's and ENT surgeon's time.


Subject(s)
Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Speech Therapy , Voice Disorders/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/economics , Patient Care Team/economics , Speech Therapy/economics , Speech Therapy/education , Treatment Outcome , Triage/economics , United Kingdom , Voice Disorders/diagnosis
7.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ; 12(2): 106-9, 2004 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15167046

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this paper is to review the presentation and management of thyroglossal duct carcinoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent articles have analyzed the value of preoperative investigation and have addressed some of the controversies in the management of such tumors; in particular, the optimal surgical management of the thyroid gland, as well as optimal management of lymph node metastases, the role of thyroid suppression therapy, and radioactive iodine therapy. SUMMARY: Thyroglossal duct carcinoma is uncommon, occurring in approximately 1% of all thyroglossal duct cysts. It is often diagnosed incidentally after surgical excision. Ninety-four percent of carcinomas are of thyroid origin, with most being papillary in nature, and 6% are of squamous cell origin. Incidentally discovered, well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the thyroglossal duct, in the presence of a clinically and radiologically normal thyroid gland, can be managed adequately by the Sistrunk operation. Those patients with more advanced disease require more aggressive treatment. This may include a total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection in addition to the Sistrunk operation, followed by radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. The prognosis is generally excellent with adequately treated disease.


Subject(s)
Thyroglossal Cyst/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroidectomy , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neck Dissection , Thyroglossal Cyst/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
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