Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Capacity Building/organization & administration , Hospital Administration/methods , Hospital Design and Construction/methods , Intensive Care Units/organization & administration , Organizational Innovation , Surge Capacity/organization & administration , Humans , London , Personnel Selection/standards , Personnel, Hospital/standards , SARS-CoV-2 , State MedicineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Airway management continues to pose challenges to the obstetric anesthesiologist. Functional residual capacity (FRC), which acts as an oxygen reservoir, is reduced from the second trimester onwards and is exacerbated in the supine position. Mechanisms to increase FRC may delay the onset of hypoxemia during periods of apnea. Values for changes in FRC in term parturients in semierect positions are unknown. We hypothesized that the FRC of healthy term parturients would increase significantly in the 30° head-up position in comparison with the supine position. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy term parturients were recruited. Initial screening spirometry was performed to exclude undiagnosed respiratory disease. FRC was measured using the helium dilution technique in the supine, 30° head-up, and sitting erect positions. Subjects were randomized to sequence of position testing order. Noninvasive systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were measured twice in each testing position. RESULTS: Results from 20 subjects were analyzed. The spirometry results for all subjects were within predicted normal reference intervals. FRC measurements differed significantly (P<0.001) among all positions. FRC increased by a mean of 188 mL (95% confidence interval 18 to 358 mL) from the supine to the 30° head-up position (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in vital signs among testing positions (P>0.16). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that the FRC of healthy term parturients increases significantly in the 30° head-up position in comparison with supine.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric , Functional Residual Capacity/physiology , Posture/physiology , Supine Position/physiology , Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Body Height/physiology , Confidence Intervals , Cross-Over Studies , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Helium , Humans , Oxygen/blood , Pregnancy , Spirometry , Young AdultABSTRACT
An anaesthetic preoperative assessment for all patients is the standard of care in UK hospitals. The Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) 2009 guidelines state that a postoperative visit, within 24 hours following surgery, is recommended for patients only in certain circumstances. This article critiques these guidelines and explores factors which must be taken into consideration when deciding whether or not anaesthetists should routinely visit their patients after they leave the recovery area. We discuss the physiological rationale for performing a postoperative anaesthetic visit; the identification of post-operative morbidity including provision of adequate post-operative analgesia; patient benefits; limitations of performing postoperative review, and the implications that expanding anaesthetists' responsibilities as perioperative physicians has had upon anaesthetic training and service provision. Finally, this article offers an alternative model for deciding when to perform a post-anaesthetic visit.
